Breast cancer risk: Data about the relation with breast cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 7 cohorts (15), and 3 additional cohorts.
No associations were found with apples/pears (15), apples (21, 25, 26), or pears (21).
Breast cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between apples and/or pears and breast cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 26) Adebamowo CA. (2005) | The Nurses Health Study II. | 90,630 premenopausal women aged 26-46. (USA) | 8 (1991-1999) | 710 | Invasive breast cancer risk | Apples |
RR = 1.16 (0.77-1.76; P = 0.72) for the highest vs lowest sextile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings): < 1/month: RR = 1. 1-3/month: RR = 0.91 (0.66-1.25). 1/week: RR = 1.12 (0.82-1.55). 2-4/week: RR = 1.07 (0.78-1.46). 5-6/week: RR = 1.14 (0.80-1.64). ≥ 1/day: RR = 1.16 (0.77-1.76). No association was found between flavonol-rich foods and the risk of breast cancer characterized by either estrogen or progestone receptor status or within strata of smoking status (data not shown). | age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, family history of breast cancer in mother and/or sister, history of benign breast disease, oral contraceptive use, alcohol, energy, BMI, height, smoking habit, physical activity, and menopausal status. |
| 25) Wang L (2009) | The Women's Health Study | 38,408 female health professionals aged ≥ 45. (USA) | 11.5 (1992-95 to 2007) | 1,351? | Breast cancer incidence | Apples | Risk did not materially change with intake (data not shown). | Age, race, total energy, randomized treatment assignment, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, postmenopausal status, hormone replacement therapy use, multivitamin use, family history of colorectal cancer, ovary cancer, or breast cancer, and intake of fruit and vegetables, fiber, folate, and saturated fat. |
| 21) Olsen A (2003) | The Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort | 23,798 postmenopausal women age 50-64. (Denmark) | 1993-97 to 2000 | 425? | Breast cancer risk | Apples | No single subgroup of fruits and/or vegetables was strongly associated with the incidence rate of breast cancer in this study (no data shown). | Age, time under study, parity, previous benign breast tumor surgery, education, use of hormone replacement therapy, duration of HRT use, intake of alcohol and BMI. |
| 21) Olsen A (2003) | The Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort | 23,798 postmenopausal women age 50-64. (Denmark) | 1993-97 to 2000 | 425? | Breast cancer risk | Pears | No single subgroup of fruits and/or vegetables was strongly associated with the incidence rate of breast cancer in this study (no data shown). | Age, time under study, parity, previous benign breast tumor surgery, education, use of hormone replacement therapy, duration of HRT use, intake of alcohol and BMI. |
| 15) Smith-Warner SA. (2001) | Pooled Analysis of 7 Cohort Studies. | 336,653 | 5-16 | 7,217? | Invasive breast cancer risk | Apples, pears |
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
RELATIVE RISK: No significant association: RR = 0.97 (0.93-1.01) per 100 g/day increment. P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.54. Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown). | Age at menarche, interaction between parity and age at birth of first child, oral contraceptive use (ever/never), history of benign breast disease, menopausal status at follow-up, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, smoking status (ever/never), education, BMI, BMI-menopausal status interaction, height, alcohol intake, and energy intake. |