| 26) Adebamowo CA. (2005) | The Nurses Health Study II. | 90,630 premenopausal women aged 26-46.
(USA) | 8
(1991-1999) | 710 | Invasive breast cancer risk | Beans or lentils, and string beans |
| Beans or lentils: | String beans: |
RR = 0.76 (0.57-1.00; P = 0.03) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/month: RR = 1.
1-3/month: RR = 1.03 (0.85-1.24).
1/week: RR = 0.95 (0.77-1.19).
≥ 2/week: RR = 0.76 (0.57-1.00).
|
RR = 1.29 (0.81-2.05; P = 0.48) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/month: RR = 1.
1-3/month: RR = 0.96 (0.74-1.23).
1/week: RR = 0.94 (0.73-1.22).
2-4/week: RR = 0.96 (0.73-1.27).
≥ 5/week: RR = 1.29 (0.81-2.05).
|
No association was found between flavonol-rich foods and the risk of breast cancer characterized by either estrogen or progestone receptor status or within strata of smoking status (data not shown).age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, family history of breast cancer in mother and/or sister, history of benign breast disease, oral contraceptive use, alcohol, energy, BMI, height, smoking habit, physical activity, and menopausal status. |
| 15) Smith-Warner SA. (2001) | Pooled Analysis of 4 Cohort Studies. | 198,764 (peas/lima beans), and
242,701 (string beans) | 5-16 | 4,577? (peas/lima beans), and
5,147? (string beans) | Invasive breast cancer risk | Peas/lima beans, and string beans |
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- 1) A published prospective study with at least 200 incident breast cancer cases.
- 2) Assessment of usual dietary intake.
- 3) A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument.
INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of breast cancer cases):
- The Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1982-1987/419).
Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB. Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Jan;4(1):29-37. Abstract
- The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-1995/1130).
Kushi LH, Fee RM, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Folsom AR. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jul 15;144(2):165-74. Full text
- The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1992/937).
Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F. Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):149-55. Abstract
- The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/367).
Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshall J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J. Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1327-37. Abstract
- The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/1023. B = 1986-1996/1638).
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 17;91(6):547-56. Full text
RELATIVE RISK:
| Peas, lima beans: | String beans: |
No significant association: RR = 1.03 (0.78-1.37) per 100 g/day increment.
P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.26.
Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown).
The Netherlands Cohort Study was not included in the analysis.
|
No significant association: RR = 0.85 (0.66-1.09) per 100 g/day increment.
P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.25.
Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown).
The New York State Cohort was not included in the analysis.
|
Age at menarche, interaction between parity and age at birth of first child, oral contraceptive use (ever/never), history of benign breast disease, menopausal status at follow-up, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, smoking status (ever/never), education, BMI, BMI-menopausal status interaction, height, alcohol intake, and energy intake. |
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