Carrots and breast cancer.

Breast cancer risk: Data about the relation with breast cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 6 cohorts (15), and 1 additional cohort (1). No associations were found.

Breast cancer mortality: No data was found.

Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between carrots and breast cancer.

Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
15) Smith-Warner SA. (2001)	Pooled Analysis of 6 Cohort Studies.	275,182	5-16	5,899?	Invasive breast cancer risk	Carrots	INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) A published prospective study with at least 200 incident breast cancer cases. 2) Assessment of usual dietary intake. 3) A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument. INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of breast cancer cases): The Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1982-1987/419). Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB. Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Jan;4(1):29-37. Abstract The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-1995/1130). Kushi LH, Fee RM, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Folsom AR. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jul 15;144(2):165-74. Full text The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1992/937). Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F. Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):149-55. Abstract The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/367). Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshall J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J. Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1327-37. Abstract The New York University Women's Health Study (1985-1994/386). Toniolo P, Riboli E, Shore RE, Pasternacks BS. Consumption of meat, animal products, protein, and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in New York. Epidemiology. 1994 Jul;5(4):391-7. Abstract The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/1023. B = 1986-1996/1638). Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 17;91(6):547-56. Full text RELATIVE RISK: No significant association: RR = 0.95 (0.81-1.12) per 100 g/day increment. P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.70. Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown).	Age at menarche, interaction between parity and age at birth of first child, oral contraceptive use (ever/never), history of benign breast disease, menopausal status at follow-up, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, smoking status (ever/never), education, BMI, BMI-menopausal status interaction, height, alcohol intake, and energy intake.
4) Tamimi RM (2005)	The Nurses' Health Study	32,826 women aged 43-70. (Nested case-control)	1989-90 to 1998	969?	Breast cancer incidence (including in situ cases)	Carrots	OR = 0.63 (0.34-1.15; P = 0.03) for consumption ≥ once day vs < once a month.	Personal history of benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, age at first birth, parity, age at menopause, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, and duration of postmenopausal hormone use.
1) Paganini-Hill A. (1985)	The Leisure World Study.	11,888 residents of a retirement community. (USA)	2,5	80	Female breast cancer risk	Carrots	RR = 1.0 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for consumption ≥ few times/week vs ≤ monthly.	No adjustments were made.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

15) Smith-Warner SA. (2001)

Pooled Analysis of 6 Cohort Studies.

275,182

5-16

5,899?

Invasive breast cancer risk

Carrots

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1) A published prospective study with at least 200 incident breast cancer cases.
2) Assessment of usual dietary intake.
3) A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument.

INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of breast cancer cases):

The Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1982-1987/419).
Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB. Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Jan;4(1):29-37. Abstract
The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-1995/1130).
Kushi LH, Fee RM, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Folsom AR. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jul 15;144(2):165-74. Full text
The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1992/937).
Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F. Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):149-55. Abstract
The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/367).
Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshall J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J. Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1327-37. Abstract
The New York University Women's Health Study (1985-1994/386).
Toniolo P, Riboli E, Shore RE, Pasternacks BS. Consumption of meat, animal products, protein, and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in New York. Epidemiology. 1994 Jul;5(4):391-7. Abstract
The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/1023. B = 1986-1996/1638).
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 17;91(6):547-56. Full text

RELATIVE RISK:

No significant association: RR = 0.95 (0.81-1.12) per 100 g/day increment.

P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.70.

Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown).

Age at menarche, interaction between parity and age at birth of first child, oral contraceptive use (ever/never), history of benign breast disease, menopausal status at follow-up, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, smoking status (ever/never), education, BMI, BMI-menopausal status interaction, height, alcohol intake, and energy intake.

4) Tamimi RM (2005)

The Nurses' Health Study

32,826 women aged 43-70.
(Nested case-control)

1989-90 to 1998

969?

Breast cancer incidence
(including in situ cases)

Carrots

OR = 0.63 (0.34-1.15; P = 0.03) for consumption ≥ once day vs < once a month.

Personal history of benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, age at first birth, parity, age at menopause, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, and duration of postmenopausal hormone use.

1) Paganini-Hill A. (1985)

The Leisure World Study.

11,888 residents of a retirement community.
(USA)

2,5

Female breast cancer risk

Carrots

RR = 1.0 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for consumption ≥ few times/week vs ≤ monthly.

No adjustments were made.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.

Carrots and breast cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto breast cancer risk & mortality.

Carrots and breast cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.