Mushrooms and breast cancer.

Breast cancer risk: Data about the relation with breast cancer risk was provided by one cohort (21). No association was found.

Breast cancer mortality: Data about the relation with breast cancer mortality was provided by one cohort (36). A significantly increased risk was found of fungi consumption.

Conclusion: A significantly increased breast cancer mortality risk of fungi consumption was found, but results are limited to effects from one cohort. No evidence was found for an association between mushrooms and breast cancer.

Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
36) Iso H (2007)	The JACC Study.	58,891 women. (Japan)	Not defined.	97	Breast cancer mortality	Fungi (enokidake, shiitake, mushrooms)	HR = 1.87 (1.03-3.41; P = < 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2/2: HR = 1.12 (0.59-2.11). ≥ 3/w: HR = 1.87 (1.03-3.41).	Age and study area.
21) van Gils CH. (2005)	The EPIC Study.	259 301 women between the ages of 25 and 70 years. (8 European countries. Excluding Greece, and Norway [and 1 center from Sweden])	5.4 (1992-98 to 2002)	3,503	invasive breast cancer risk	Mushrooms	RR = 0.98 (0.85-1.14; P = 0.75) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/d): ≤ 0.3: RR = 1. > 0.3-≤ 1.8: RR = 0.91 (0.80-1.05). > 1.8-≤ 5.2: RR = 0.87 (0.76-1.01). > 5.2-≤ 11.1: RR = 1.01 (0.88-1.17). > 11.1: RR = 0.98 (0.85-1.14).	Stratified by center and age. Adjusted for energy intake divided into energy from fat and energy from nonfat sources, alcohol intake, saturated fat intake, height, weight, age at menarche, parity, current oral contraceptive use, current use of hormone therapy, menopausal status, smoking status, physical activity, and education.
21) Olsen A (2003)	The Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort	23,798 postmenopausal women age 50-64. (Denmark)	1993-97 to 2000	425?	Breast cancer risk	Mushrooms	No single subgroup of fruits and/or vegetables was strongly associated with the incidence rate of breast cancer in this study (no data shown).	Age, time under study, parity, previous benign breast tumor surgery, education, use of hormone replacement therapy, duration of HRT use, intake of alcohol and BMI.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

36) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

58,891 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

Breast cancer mortality

Fungi (enokidake, shiitake, mushrooms)

HR = 1.87 (1.03-3.41; P = < 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/2: HR = 1.12 (0.59-2.11).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.87 (1.03-3.41).

Age and study area.

21) van Gils CH. (2005)

The EPIC Study.

259 301 women between the ages of 25 and 70 years.
(8 European countries. Excluding Greece, and Norway [and 1 center from Sweden])

5.4
(1992-98 to 2002)

3,503

invasive breast cancer risk

Mushrooms

RR = 0.98 (0.85-1.14; P = 0.75) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (g/d):
≤ 0.3: RR = 1.
> 0.3-≤ 1.8: RR = 0.91 (0.80-1.05).
> 1.8-≤ 5.2: RR = 0.87 (0.76-1.01).
> 5.2-≤ 11.1: RR = 1.01 (0.88-1.17).
> 11.1: RR = 0.98 (0.85-1.14).

Stratified by center and age. Adjusted for energy intake divided into energy from fat and energy from nonfat sources, alcohol intake, saturated fat intake, height, weight, age at menarche, parity, current oral contraceptive use, current use of hormone therapy, menopausal status, smoking status, physical activity, and education.

21) Olsen A (2003)

The Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort

23,798 postmenopausal women age 50-64.
(Denmark)

1993-97 to 2000

425?

Breast cancer risk

Mushrooms

No single subgroup of fruits and/or vegetables was strongly associated with the incidence rate of breast cancer in this study (no data shown).

Age, time under study, parity, previous benign breast tumor surgery, education, use of hormone replacement therapy, duration of HRT use, intake of alcohol and BMI.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.

Mushrooms and breast cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto breast cancer risk & mortality.

Mushrooms and breast cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.