Potatoes and breast cancer.

Breast cancer risk: Data about the relation with breast cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 7 cohorts (15), and 6 additional cohorts (7, 21, 24-27). No associations were found.

Breast cancer mortality: Data about the relation with breast cancer mortality was provided by one cohort (36). No association was found.

Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between potatoes and breast cancer.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

36) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

59,213 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

Breast cancer mortality

Potatoes

HR = 0.83 (0.43-1.60) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data:
< 1/2: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.04 (0.54-2.01).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.83 (0.43-1.60).

Age and study area.

27) Mucci LA (2005)

The Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort.

43,404 women mean aged 39.
(Sweden)

1991-2002

667?

Breast cancer incidence

Fried potatoes (pan-fried potatoes, chips)

No association was found (no data shown).

Age, education, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, oral contraceptive use, parity, age at first birth, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, total energy intake, and intake of saturated fat and fiber.

26) Wilson KM (2009)

The Nurses' Health Study II

90,628 premenopausal women aged 25-42.

1991-2005

1,179

Invasive breast cancer risk

All potatoes (French fries, potato chips, and potatoes [baked, roased, and mashed])

RR = 0.90 (0.73-1.11; P = 0.59) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (servings/week):
1.0: RR = 1.
2.0: RR = 0.90 (0.74-1.08).
3.0: RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.07).
4.5: RR = 0.95 (0.78-1.15).
7.0: RR = 0.90 (0.73-1.11).

Stratified by age, and adjusted for BMI, height, oral contraceptive use, parity and age at first birth, age at menarche, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, smoking, physical activity, animal fat, glycemic load, alcohol, and total energy intake.

26) Wilson KM (2009)

The Nurses' Health Study II

90,628 premenopausal women aged 25-42.

1991-2005

1,179

Invasive breast cancer risk

Potato chips

RR = 0.98 (0.80-1.19; P = 0.76) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (servings/week):
0: RR = 1.
0.5: RR = 1.01 (0.85-1.20).
0.6: RR = 1.00 (0.82-1.22).
1.0: RR = 1.04 (0.86-1.26).
3.0: RR = 0.98 (0.80-1.19).

26) Wilson KM (2009)

The Nurses' Health Study II

90,628 premenopausal women aged 25-42.

1991-2005

1,179

Invasive breast cancer risk

Potatoes (bakes, roasted, mashed)

RR = 0.97 (0.80-1.17; P = 0.48) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (servings/week):
0.5: RR = 1.
1.0: RR = 1.04 (0.87-1.24).
1.5: RR = 1.01 (0.82-1.24).
2.0: RR = 0.96 (0.78-1.19).
3.0: RR = 0.97 (0.80-1.17).

26) Wilson KM (2009)

The Nurses' Health Study II

90,628 premenopausal women aged 25-42.

1991-2005

1,179

Invasive breast cancer risk

French fries

RR = 0.96 (0.80-1.16; P = 0.35) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (servings/week):
0: RR = 1.
0.2: RR = 1.08 (0.89-1.31).
0.5: RR = 0.93 (0.77-1.11).
0.7: RR = 0.93 (0.76-1.13).
1.0: RR = 0.96 (0.80-1.16).

25) Higginbotham S (2004)

The Women's Health Study.

39,876 women aged ≥ 45.

6.8
(1993-95 to ?)

946?

Breast cancer risk

Potatoes

No increase in risk was found with intake (no data shown).

Not defined for this variable, but probably including: age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, and total energy.

24) Sonestedt E (2008)

The Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort

15,773 women age 46-75.
(Sweden)

10.3
(1991-96 to 2004)

544

Invasive breast cancer incidence
(excluding in situ cases)

Fried and deep-fried potato (not defined)

HR = 1.10 (0.88-1.40; P = 0.27) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.

Amount specific data (g/day):
0: HR = 1.
14: HR = 0.99 (0.78-1.25).
26: HR = 1.12 (0.89-1.41).
54: HR = 1.10 (0.88-1.40).

ER beta- breast cancer:
HR = 1.61 (1.11-2.33).

Stratified by ER status.
HRs are for an increase of 1 intake category:
ER alpha+ (392 cases)	ER alpha- (58 cases)	ER beta+ (182 cases)	ER beta- (188 cases)	ER alpha+/ER beta+ (159 cases)	ER alpha+/ER beta- (155 cases)
HR = 1.08 (0.99-1.17).	HR = 0.97 (0.77-1.21).	HR = 0.96 (0.85-1.09).	HR = 1.17 (1.03-1.31).	HR = 0.99 (0.87-1.14).	HR = 1.16 (1.02-1.33).

The risk estimates were essentially the same when restricting analyses to individuals .55 years at baseline (data not shown).

Season of data collection, diet interviewer, method version, age, total energy, weight, height, educational status, smoking habits, leisure tiime physical activity, hours of household activities, alcohol consumption, age at menopause, parity and current use of MHT.

24) Sonestedt E (2008)

The Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort

15,773 women age 46-75.
(Sweden)

10.3
(1991-96 to 2004)

544

Invasive breast cancer incidence
(excluding in situ cases)

Boiled potato

HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.20; P = 0.83) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (g/day):
23: HR = 1.
51: HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.19).
76: HR = 1.10 (0.84-1.42).
100: HR = 1.01 (0.78-1.32).
145: HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.20).

Stratified by ER status.
HRs are for an increase of 1 intake category:
ER alpha+ (392 cases)	ER alpha- (58 cases)	ER beta+ (182 cases)	ER beta- (188 cases)	ER alpha+/ER beta+ (159 cases)	ER alpha+/ER beta- (155 cases)
HR = 0.98 (0.91-1.05).	HR = 1.07 (0.89-1.29).	HR = 1.01 (0.91-1.12).	HR = 0.98 (0.88-1.08).	HR = 1.00 (0.90-1.12).	HR = 0.95 (0.85-1.06).

The risk estimates were essentially the same when restricting analyses to individuals .55 years at baseline (data not shown).

24) Mattisson I. (2004)

The Malmö Diet And Cancer Cohort.

11,726 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50.
(Sweden)

7.6

342?

Breast cancer risk
(including in situ cases)

Potatoes


Boiled:	Fried and deep fried:
No significant difference between cases (76 g/day), and controls (76 g/day).	No significant difference between cases (0 g/day), and controls (0 g/day).

Unadjusted?

21) Lajous M (2008)

The E3N Study
(The French component of the EPIC Study)

62,739 postmenopausal women aged 42-72.

9
(1993-97 to 2002)

1,812?

Breast cancer incidence
(including 217 in situ cases)

Potatoes

No specific association with breast cancer risk was found (no data shown).

Analysis excluding in situ breast cancer cases did not change results.

Not defined for this variable.

21) Nissen SB (2003)

The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.

24,697 postmenopausal women. Nested case-control.
(Denmark)

4.7
(1993-97 to 2000)

418

Breast cancer incidence

Dietary vitamin C from potatoes (not defined)

IRR (incidence rate ratio) per 100 mg of daily intake of vitamin C from potatoes: 1.09 (0.45-2.64; No P-value).

Vitamin C from other food groups (fruits, juices, potatoes, vegetables), total intake of vitamins A and E and for supplemental intake of vitamin C, number of childbirths, age at first birth, history of benign breast disease surgery, school education, years of use of HRT, alcohol intake and BMI.

19) Larsson SC (2009)

The Swedish Mammography Cohort

61,433 women.

17.4
(1987-90 to 2007 + 1998 to 2007)

2,952?

Invasive breast cancer incident

Fried potato

No association was found (No data shown; P = 0.94).

Not defined, probably at least: Age, education, BMI, height, parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, age at menopause, use of oral contraceptives, use of postmenopausal hormones, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease.

19) Larsson SC (2009)

The Swedish Mammography Cohort

61,433 women.

17.4
(1987-90 to 2007 + 1998 to 2007)

2,952?

Invasive breast cancer incident

French fries

No association was found (No data shown; P = 0.61).

19) Larsson SC (2009)

The Swedish Mammography Cohort

61,433 women.

17.4
(1987-90 to 2007 + 1998 to 2007)

2,952?

Invasive breast cancer incident

Potato crisps

No association was found (No data shown; P = 0.39).

15) Smith-Warner SA. (2001)

Pooled Analysis of 7 Cohort Studies.

336,653 (potatoes) and

318,178 (baked/boiled/mashed and fried potatoes)

5-16

7,217? (potatoes) and

6,850? (baked/boiled/mashed and fried potatoes)

Invasive breast cancer risk

Potatoes

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1) A published prospective study with at least 200 incident breast cancer cases.
2) Assessment of usual dietary intake.
3) A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument.

INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of breast cancer cases):

The Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1982-1987/419).
Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB. Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and E, and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Jan;4(1):29-37. Abstract
The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-1995/1130).
Kushi LH, Fee RM, Sellers TA, Zheng W, Folsom AR. Intake of vitamins A, C, and E and postmenopausal breast cancer. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Jul 15;144(2):165-74. Full text
The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1992/937).
Verhoeven DT, Assen N, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, van 't Veer P, Sturmans F. Vitamins C and E, retinol, beta-carotene and dietary fibre in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):149-55. Abstract
The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/367).
Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshall J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J. Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1327-37. Abstract
The New York University Women's Health Study (1985-1994/386).
Toniolo P, Riboli E, Shore RE, Pasternacks BS. Consumption of meat, animal products, protein, and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in New York. Epidemiology. 1994 Jul;5(4):391-7. Abstract
The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/1023. B = 1986-1996/1638).
Zhang S, Hunter DJ, Forman MR, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Mar 17;91(6):547-56. Full text
The Sweden Mammography Cohort (1987-1997/1318).
Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Hunter D, Willet W, Ljung H, Holmberg L. A prospective study of association of monounsaturated fat and other types of fat with risk of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jan 12;158(1):41-5. Full text

RELATIVE RISK:


Potatoes (7 cohorts):	Baked, boiled, or mashed potatoes (6 cohorts):	Fried potatoes (6 cohorts):
No significant association: RR = 1.03 (0.98-1.08) per 100 g/day increment. P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.50. Menopausal status at follow-up did not modify the associations (no data shown).	No significant association: RR = 1.02 (0.97-1.08) per 100 g/day increment. P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.30. The New York State Cohort was not included in the analysis.	No significant association: RR = 1.00 (0.76-1.33; No P-value) per 100 g/day increment. P for heterogeneity in results across studies = 0.90. The New York State Cohort was not included in the analysis.

Age at menarche, interaction between parity and age at birth of first child, oral contraceptive use (ever/never), history of benign breast disease, menopausal status at follow-up, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of breast cancer, smoking status (ever/never), education, BMI, BMI-menopausal status interaction, height, alcohol intake, and energy intake.

11) Jarvinen R. (1997)

The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Cohort

4.697 aged ≥ 15.

up to 25
(1967-72 to 1991)

88?

Breast cancer risk

Potatoes

No significant association (No data shown).

Age, BMI, parity, region, occupation, and smoking.

7) Verhoeven DT (1997)

The Netherlands Cohort Study

62,573 women aged 55-69.

4.3
(1986-1990)

519

Breast cancer incidence

Potatoes

RR = 1.14 (0.81-1.62; P = 0.55) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.

Amount specific data (g/day):
23.0: RR = 1.
67.0: RR = 0.89 (0.65-1.22).
96.0: RR = 0.96 (0.67-1.37).
133.6: RR = 0.84 (0.60-1.18).
181.0: RR = 1.14 (0.81-1.62).

Age, energy, alcohol, history of benign breast disease, maternal breast cancer, breast cancer in sister, age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, parity.

4) Holmes MD. (2004)

The Nurses' Health Study.

88,678 women aged 34-59.
(USA)

18
(1980-1998)

4,092?

Invasive breast cancer risk

Potatoes

No clear pattern of an association (no data shown).

Age, BMI, 2-year time period, total energy intake, alcohol intake, parity and age at first birth, height, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, age at menarche, age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy.

4) Willet WC. (1992)

The Nurses' Health Study.

89,494 women aged 34-59.
(USA)

8
(1980-1988)

1,439?

Breast cancer risk (excluding in situ lesions)

Potatoes

A weak nonsignificant positive association (no data shown).

Age

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.

Potatoes and breast cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto breast cancer risk & mortality.

Potatoes and breast cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to breast cancer risk & mortality.