Consumption of dietary animal fat and cardiovascular disease.
Animal fat and total cardiovascular disease (CVD).
One article was found examining the relation between animal fat consumption and total cardiovascular disease (Tanasescu M [13]). The cohort included women with type 2 diabetes, only. No association was found (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.70-1.43; P = 0.63).
Animal fat and coronary heart disease (CHD).
Results: Data was provided by 6 cohorts, including 2,374 + X cases (no amount of cases was available for one cohort: Tanaka H [9]).
A significantly increased risk was found in one cohort of small size (Mann JI [21]). And the author from a cohort of very small size stated that risk appeared to
increase nonsignificantly, but no 95% CI, or P-value was defined (Tanaka H [9]). No other associations were found. RR's were available from 4 cohorts. The average
RR = 1.02 (excluding incomplete data from Tanaka H [9]).
Effect modification: No data was found.
Subjects with prevalent disease: No significant association was found among subjects with ischemic heart disease in one cohort (Fehily AM [14]).
Conclusion: A significantly increased risk was found in one cohort of small size. No other associations were found. No evidence was found for an
association between animal fat consumption and coronary heart disease.
| Author | Cohort name | Cases | End point | Relative Risk (RR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21) Mann JI (1997) | The Oxford Vegetarian Study | 45 | Mortality | DRR = 329 (150-721; P = < 0.01). |
| 14) Fehily AM (1993) | The Caerphilly Study | 137 | Risk | RO = 0.9 |
| 13) Halton TL (2006) | The Nurses' Health Study | 1,994 | Risk | RR = 0.98 (0.75-1.28; P = 0.66). |
| 9) Tanaka H (1987) | The Shibata Study | Not defined | Risk | RR = 2.09 |
| 8) Kushi LH (1985) | The Ireland-Boston Diet-Heart Study | 110 | Mortality | No significant association (P = 0.13). |
| 1) Oglesby P (1963) | The Western Electric Study | 88 | Risk | No significant association. |
| Total number of cases: 2,374 | Average RR = 1.02 |
Animal fat and stroke.
Results: Data was provided by 2 cohorts, including 640 cases.
A significant protective effect against ischemic stroke was found in one cohort of very small size (Sauvaget C [30]). No association was found in the other cohort.
The average RR = 1.02.
Effect modification: No data was found.
Subjects with prevalent disease: No data was found.
Conclusion: A significant protective effect was found in one cohort of very small size. No evidence was found for an association between animal fat
consumption and stroke.
| Author | Cohort name | Cases | End point | Relative Risk (RR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30) Sauvaget C (2004) | The Adult Health Study | 60 | Ischemic stroke mortality | RH = 0.39 (0.17-0.88; P = 0.01). |
| 13) He K (2003) | The Health Professionals Follow Up Study | 455 ischemic stroke, and 125 hemorrhagic stroke | Risk | Ischemic stroke: RR = 1.15 (0.80-1.65; P = 0.61). Haemorrhagic stroke: RR = 0.86 (0.42-1.77; P = 0.99). |
| Total number of cases: 640 | Average RR = 1.02 |
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 13) Tanasescu M (2004) | The Nurses' Health Study | 5,672 women with type 2 diabetes, but without CVD or cancer. | 1980 to 1994-98 | 619? | CVD events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and stroke) | Animal fat (not defined) |
RR = 1.00 (0.70-1.43; P = 0.63) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (% of energy): 18.1: RR = 1. 22.8: RR = 0.87 (0.65-1.15). 26.5: RR = 1.04 (0.78-1.39). 30.5: RR = 1.11 (0.82-1.50). 38.0: RR = 1.00 (0.70-1.43). | Age, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, parental history of MI before age 60, alcohol intake, moderate vigorous activities, BMI, total caloric intake, protein intake, fiber intake, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, medication use, vegetable fat, cholesterol, and trans fat. |
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21) Mann JI (1997) | The Oxford Vegetarian Study | 10,802 subjects (4102 men and 6700 women) aged 16-79, and without pre-existing disease. (UK) | 13.3 (1980-84 to 1995) | 45 | Ischaemic heart disease death | Total animal fat (from meat, eggs, milk, cheese) |
Death rate ratio = 329 (150-721; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Tertiles not defined): T1: DRR = 100. T2: DRR = 179 (78-409). T3: DRR = 329 (150-721). | Age, sex, smoking and social class. DRR's did not appreciably change after additional adjustment for BMI. |
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| 14) Fehily AM (1993) | The Caerphilly Study | 2,423 men aged 45-59 from South Wales. | 5 (1983-?) | 137 | Incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD death, myocardial infarction) | Animal fat (fat from meats, butter, lard, milk, cream, cheese, and eggs) |
Age, BMI, smoking, and evidence of IHD at baseline. |
13) Halton TL (2006) | The Nurses' Health Study | 82,802 women aged 34-59, and without diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease. | 20 | (1980-2000) 1,994? | Coronary heart disease incidence (nonfatal myocardial infarctions or fatal coronary events) | Animal fat (not defined) |
RR = 0.98 (0.75-1.28; P = 0.66) for the highest vs lowest decile of consumption. | Amount specific data (Deciles not defined): D1: RR = 1. D2: RR = 1.07 (0.89-1.29). D3: RR = 1.13 (0.94-1.37). D4: RR = 0.95 (0.78-1.16). D5: RR = 0.82 (0.67-1.01). D6: RR = 1.06 (0.86-1.29). D7: RR = 1.03 (0.84-1.27). D8: RR = 1.01 (0.82-1.26). D9: RR = 1.02 (0.81-1.28). D10: RR = 0.98 (0.75-1.28). Age, BMI, smoking status, postmenopausal hormone use, hours of physical activity, alcohol intake, aspirine use, use of multivitamins, use of vitamin E supplement use, history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, parental history of myocardial infarction, protein, total calories, vegetable fat, and trans fat. |
13) Hu FB (1997) | The Nurses' Health Study | 80,082 women aged 34-59 and without CVD, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or cancer. | 14 | (1980-1994) 939? | Coronary heart disease incidence (nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary disease) | Animal fat (not defined) |
RR = 0.97 (0.74-1.26; P = 0.55) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. | Amount specific data (% of energy): 17.4: RR = 1. 21.6: RR = 0.97 (0.78-1.21). 25.1: RR = 0.82 (0.64-1.04). 29.2: RR = 1.01 (0.79-1.27). 36.4: RR = 0.97 (0.74-1.26). Age, time period, BMI, cigarette smoking, menopausal status, parental history of MI before age 65, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, aspirin use, vigorous exercise, % energy from protein, dietary cholesterol, vegetable fat and trans unsaturated fats. |
9) Tanaka H (1987) | The Shibata Study | 963 men + 1,338 women aged ≥ 40, and without ischemic heart disease. | (Japan) 7.5 | (1977-1984) Not defined. | Ischemic heart disease risk | (MI + angina pectoris + sudden death) Animal fat (not defined) |
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Sex and age. |
8) Kushi LH (1985) | The Ireland-Boston Diet-Heart Study | 1,001 middle-aged men of Irish descent. | 20 | (1959-65 to 1982) 110? | CHD mortality (death from coronary or ischemic disease) | Animal fat (not defined) | Cases consumed the same % of calories from animal fat (32.8) as noncases (31.7; P = 0.13). | Age and cohort. |
1) Paul O/ | Oglesby P (1963) The Western Electric Study | 1,885 American men of Polish and Bohemian ancestry aged 40-55 without a history of MI or angina pectoris. | 4.5 | (1957-?) 88? | CHD risk (angina pectoris, MI, or CHD death. excluding sudden death) | Animal fat (not defined) | No significant difference was apparent between cases (116 g/day), and controls (118 g/day; no data shown). | Unadjusted. |
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