| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study | 42,513 men, and 57,777 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 595 men, and
399 women. | Ischemic heart disease mortality | Beef |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 0.89 (0.62-1.28) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.12 (0.90-1.40).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.89 (0.62-1.28).
|
HR = 1.16 (0.77-1.77) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.31 (0.99-1.73; P = < 0.10).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.16 (0.77-1.77).
|
Age and study area. |
| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study | 42,513 men, and 57,777 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 1,169 men, and
960 women. | Cerebrovascular mortality | Beef |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.04 (0.82-1.32) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.85 (0.72-1.00; P = < 0.10).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.04 (0.82-1.32).
|
HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.22) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.87 (0.72-1.06).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.91 (0.69-1.22).
|
Age and study area. |
| 6) Ascherio A (1994) | The Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 44,933 men aged 40-75. | 4
(1986-1990) | 249? | nonfatal MI incidence | Beef (not defined) | RR = 1.38 (0.77-2.29) for consumption ≥ 4 times/wk vs ≤ once/month. | Standard risk factors, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1997) | The Adventist Health Study | Non-Hispanic white Seventh Seventh Day Adventists aged ≥ 84.
At study baseline there were 603 subjects older than 84 years, and during a 12-year follow-up, these and intitially younger subjects contributed 11,828 person-years of observation in the oldest-old age range.
(USA) | 12
(1976-88) | 364?
(110 men, and 254 women) | CHD death | Beef (not defined) |
| Total: | Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.01 (0.66-1.54) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (per week):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.06 (0.82-1.40).
≥ 4: RR = 1.01 (0.66-1.54).
|
HR = 1.97 (0.97-4.00; P = ≤ 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (per week):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.78 (1.08-2.91).
≥ 4: RR = 1.97 (0.97-4.00).
|
HR = 0.77 (0.45-1.32) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (per week):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 0.88 (0.63-1.23).
≥ 4: RR = 0.77 (0.45-1.32).
|
Sex, diabetes, smoking, exercise, nuts, fruit, bread, donuts, sweet desserts, and fish. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1994) | The Adventist Health Study. | 26,473 nondiabetic California Seventh-day Adventists. | No data shown. | No data shown. | Coronary events incidence (nonfatal myocardial infarction or definite fatal coronary heart disease) | Beef (not defined) |
none: Relative Hazard = 1.00.
< 2/wk: Relative Hazard = 1.09.
> or = 3/wk: Relative Hazard = 1.10 (No 95% CI; No P-value). | Proportional hazards analysis. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1992) | The Adventist Health Study | 31,208 non-Hispanic white California Seventh-Day Adventists.
(USA) | 6
(1977-1982) | Definite nonfatal myocardial infarction: 134?
Definite fatal CHD: 260?
Incident coronary death (by death certificate): 463? | CHD | Beef index (beef steak, beef hamburger, and other beef or veal) |
Both sexes
| Definite nonfatal myocardial infarction: | Definite fatal CHD: | Fatal CHD determined by death certificate: |
RR = 0.72 (0.37-1.40) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 0.92 (0.57-1.49).
≥ 3: RR = 0.72 (0.37-1.40).
|
RR = 1.16 (0.70-1.93) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.08 (0.76-1.55).
≥ 3: RR = 1.16 (0.70-1.93).
|
RR = 1.42 (0.98-2.06) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.20 (0.92-1.56).
≥ 3: RR = 1.42 (0.98-2.06).
|
Men only
| Definite nonfatal myocardial infarction: | Definite fatal CHD: | Fatal CHD determined by death certificate: |
RR = 0.71 (0.32-1.59) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.00 (0.56-1.80).
≥ 3: RR = 0.71 (0.32-1.59).
|
RR = 2.31 (1.11-4.78) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.93 (1.12-3.33).
≥ 3: RR = 2.31 (1.11-4.78).
|
RR = 1.74 (1.01-3.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.50 (1.00-2.26).
≥ 3: RR = 1.74 (1.01-3.01).
|
Women only
| Definite nonfatal myocardial infarction: | Definite fatal CHD: | Fatal CHD determined by death certificate: |
RR = 0.86 (0.22-2.59) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 0.92 (0.36-2.04).
≥ 3: RR = 0.86 (0.22-2.59).
|
RR = 0.76 (0.37-1.56) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 0.81 (0.50-1.32).
≥ 3: RR = 0.76 (0.37-1.56).
|
RR = 1.28 (0.76-2.16) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/wk):
Never: RR = 1.
< 3: RR = 1.13 (0.79-1.61).
≥ 3: RR = 1.28 (0.76-2.16).
|
Age, sex, smoking, exercise, relative weight, and high blood pressure, fish, coffee, legumes, fruit index, nuts, and bread. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1988) | The Adventist Health Study | 28,038 nondiabetics who reported no previous history of MI. | 1977-1982 | 200? | definite MI risk | Beef | No significant association (no data shown). | Multivariate analyses. |
| | | |