| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 21) Sesso HD (2007) | The Women's Health Study. | 38,176 female health professionals.
(USA) | 8.49 | 1004? | Cardiovascular disease risk | Blueberries | Higher levels of blueberry intake were not associated with the risk of developing CVD (No data shown; P = 0.35). | Age, randomized aspirin treatment, randomized vitamin E treatment, randomized beta-carotene treatment, total energy, lifestyle factors, BMI, exercise, alcohol, smoking, post-menopausal hormone use, parental history of MI < 60 years, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, fruit and vegetables, fiber, folate, vitamin C, potassium, saturated fat, and total flavonoid intake. |
| 17) Mink PJ. (2007) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 34,489 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.
(USa) | 16
(1986-2002) | 2,316 | Cardiovascular disease mortality | Blueberries | RR = 0.93 (0.82-1.06; P = 0.264) for consumption > 0 vs 0 servings/wk. | Age, energy intake, marital status, education, blood pressure, diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, smoking, and estrogen use. |
| 17) Mink PJ. (2007) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 34,489 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.
(USa) | 16
(1986-2002) | 1,329 | Coronary heart disease mortality | Blueberries | RR = 0.89 (0.75-1.06; P = 0.179) for consumption > 0 vs 0 servings/wk. | Age, energy intake, marital status, education, blood pressure, diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, smoking, and estrogen use. |
| 13) Hirvonen T (2001) | The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. | 25,372 male smokers (at least 5 cigarettes/day) aged 50-69.
(Finland) | 6.1 | Nonfatal MI: 1,122.
Coronary death: 815. | Risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction, and
Coronary death | Berries (not defined) |
| Nonfatal MI: | Coronary death |
RR = 1.05 (0.87-1.27; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (gm/day):
< 9: RR = 1.
9-19: RR = 1.07 (0.89-1.29).
20-33: RR = 1.11 (0.92-1.34).
34-56: RR = 1.07 (0.88-1.29).
> 56: RR = 1.05 (0.87-1.27).
|
RR = 0.91 (0.73-1.13; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (gm/day):
< 9: RR = 1.
9-19: RR = 0.96 (0.79-1.20).
20-33: RR = 0.98 (0.79-1.21).
34-56: RR = 0.81 (0.65-1.01).
> 56: RR = 0.91 (0.73-1.13).
|
Age, supplementation group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI, smoking years, number of cigarettes smoked daily, history of diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, marital status, education, and leisure-time physical activity. |
| 13) Hirvonen T (2000) | The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. | 26,497 male smokers aged 50-69 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trial undertaken to determine whether supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, or both would reduce the incidence of lung cancer in male smokers.
(Finland) | 6.1
(?-1993) | Cerebral infarction: 736.
Subarachnoid hemmorhage: 83.
Intracerebral hemmorhage: 95. | Stroke risk | Berries (not defined) |
| Cerebral infarction: | Subarachnoid hemmorhage: | Intracerebral hemmorhage: |
RR = 0.81 (0.66-1.00; P = 0.16) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/d):
< 12: RR = 1.
12-26: RR = 0.75 (0.61-0.92).
27-49: RR = 0.91 (0.75-1.11).
> 49: RR = 0.81 (0.66-1.00).
Similar results were found in the placebo group of the trial cohort (no data shown).
|
RR = 1.16 (0.63-2.14; P = 0.33) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/d):
< 12: RR = 1.
12-26: RR = 0.73 (0.38-1.42).
27-49: RR = 1.28 (0.72-2.29).
> 49: RR = 1.16 (0.63-2.14).
|
RR = 0.87 (0.50-1.51; P = 0.16) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/d):
< 12: RR = 1.
12-26: RR = 0.65 (0.35-1.19).
27-49: RR = 0.98 (0.57-1.68).
> 49: RR = 0.87 (0.50-1.51).
|
In a multivariate model that simultaneously included all foods (fruits, berries, vegetables, tea, and wine), RRs for different subtypes of stroke were similar to those when the foods were included one at a time in the model.Age, supplementation group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, serum HDL cholesterol, BMI, height, smoking-years, number of cigarettes/day, history of diabetes or CHD, alcohol intake, and education. |
| 7) Knekt P (1996) | The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Cohort. | 5133 subjects (2748 men and 2385 women) aged 30-69. | 26
(1967-72 to 1992) | 473? | Coronary heart disease mortality | Berries (not defined) |
| Men: | Women: |
| RR = 1.21 (0.89-1.64) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption (≥ 19 vs < 3 g).
|
RR = 0.59 (0.36-0.94) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption (≥ 24 vs < 7 g).
|
Age, smoking, serum cholesterol, hypertension, and BMI. |
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