| 36) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74.
(Japan) | 5.8
(1995-1998 to 2002) | 1,386?
(227 myocardial infarction, 1,159 stroke) | Risk of cardiovascular disease | Lettuce | Not significantly inversely associated with CVD risk (no data shown). | Age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |
| 10) Erkkilä AT (2005) | The Nurses' Health Study | 72,874 women aged 38-63, and without cancer, angina pectoris, MI, or stroke.
(USA) | 1984-2000 | See variables | CHD incidence | Lettuce (iceberg lettuce and romaine lettuce) |
Total CHD:
(1,679 cases) | Nonfatal MI:
(1,201 cases) |
RR = 0.81 (0.68-0.97; P = 0.05) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.4: RR = 0.85 (0.73-1.00).
0.6: RR = 0.83 (0.71-0.96).
0.9: RR = 0.78 (0.66-0.93).
1.4: RR = 0.81 (0.68-0.97).
|
RR = 0.82 (0.66-1.02; P = 0.11) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.4: RR = 0.90 (0.75-1.07).
0.6: RR = 0.83 (0.69-0.99).
0.9: RR = 0.81 (0.65-0.99).
1.4: RR = 0.82 (0.66-1.02).
|
Age, BMI, smoking, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, menopausal status, use of HRT, parental history of MI, physical activity, use of aspirin, alcohol intake, use of multivitamin supplements, energy intake, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, EPA + DHA, trans fatty acids, and cereal fiber. |
| 10) Erkkilä AT (2005) | The Nurses' Health Study | 72,874 women aged 38-63, and without cancer, angina pectoris, MI, or stroke.
(USA) | 1984-2000 | 484 | Fatal CHD | Lettuce (iceberg lettuce and romaine lettuce) |
RR = 0.82 (0.59-1.14; P = 0.32) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.4: RR = 0.78 (0.58-1.03).
0.6: RR = 0.84 (0.64-1.10).
0.9: RR = 0.74 (0.54-1.03).
1.4: RR = 0.82 (0.59-1.14). | Age, BMI, smoking, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, menopausal status, use of HRT, parental history of MI, physical activity, use of aspirin, alcohol intake, use of multivitamin supplements, energy intake, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, EPA + DHA, trans fatty acids, and cereal fiber. |
| 10) Erkkilä AT (2005) | The Nurses' Health Study | 72,874 women aged 38-63, and without cancer, angina pectoris, MI, or stroke.
(USA) | 1984-2000 | Total stroke: 1,009?
Ischemic stroke: 567? | Stroke incidence | Lettuce (iceberg lettuce and romaine lettuce) | No association was found with total or ischemic stroke risk (data not shown) | Age, BMI, smoking, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes, menopausal status, use of HRT, parental history of MI, physical activity, use of aspirin, alcohol intake, use of multivitamin supplements, energy intake, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, EPA + DHA, trans fatty acids, and cereal fiber. |
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