Pickles and cardiovascular disease.

CHD: Data about heart disease was provided by one cohort (37). A significant protective effect against IHD mortality was found among both men and women (37).
Stroke: Data about stroke was provided by 2 Asian cohorts. A significant protective effect was found in both cohorts. The average RR = 0.89.

Conclusion: Significant protective effects of pickle consumption against stroke mortality were found in 2 cohorts of large-very large size, and including 13.224 cases. Pickle consumption possibly protects against stroke mortality (- 11%). This effect was found at the level of consumption of ≥ 4-5 times/week. Inconclusive evidence was found for an association with CHD.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

37) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

43,035 men, and 59,196 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

596 men, and
392 women.

Ischemic heart disease mortality

Pickles


Men:	Women:
HR = 0.75 (0.62-0.91; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 1.04 (0.81-1.33). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.75 (0.62-0.91).	HR = 0.76 (0.60-0.96; P = < 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 0.91 (0.65-1.27). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.76 (0.60-0.96).

Age and study area.

37) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

43,035 men, and 59,196 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

1,186 men, and
1,008 women.

Cerebrovascular mortality

Pickles


Men:	Women:
HR = 0.79 (0.69-0.91; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 0.97 (0.81-1.17). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.79 (0.69-0.91).	HR = 0.81 (0.69-0.95; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 1.07 (0.87-1.32). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.81 (0.69-0.95).

Age and study area.

5) Kinjo Y (1999)

No cohort name defined

223,170 men and women aged 40-69, and without a history of diseases other than stomach disease.
(Japan)

1966-1981

See variables

Cerebrovascular disease mortality (Cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral embolism and thrombosis, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and other cerebrovascular disease)

Pickles (not defined)


All cerebrovascular disease (11,030 cases)	Cerebral haemorrhage (4,773 cases)	Cerebral embolism and thrombosis (4,084 cases)
RR = 0.91 (0.83-0.99) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of consumption/week): < 1: RR = 1. 1-3: RR = 0.99 (0.89-1.09). ≥ 4: RR = 0.91 (0.83-0.99).	RR = 0.89 (0.78-1.02) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of consumption/week): < 1: RR = 1. 1-3: RR = 0.95 (0.82-1.11). ≥ 4: RR = 0.89 (0.78-1.02).	RR = 0.92 (0.80-1.06) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of consumption/week): < 1: RR = 1. 1-3: RR = 1.08 (0.91-1.27). ≥ 4: RR = 0.92 (0.80-1.06).

Sex, attained age, follow-up interval, prefecture, alcohol drinking, smoking and occupation.

Cardiovascular disease & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to heart disease and stroke.

Pickles and cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of ourdiet to heart disease and stroke.

Pickles and cardiovascular disease.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to heart disease and stroke.