| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study | 41,860 men, and 57,565 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 587 men, and
380 women. | Ischemic heart disease mortality | Chicken |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.02 (0.80-1.31) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.02 (0.84-1.24).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.02 (0.80-1.31).
|
HR = 0.81 (0.59-1.11) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.93 (0.72-1.19).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.81 (0.59-1.11).
|
Age and study area. |
| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study | 41,860 men, and 57,565 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 1,153 men, and
975 women. | Cerebrovascular mortality | Chicken |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 0.97 (0.81-1.15) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.93 (0.81-1.07).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.97 (0.81-1.15).
|
HR = 0.99 (0.82-1.20) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.02 (0.87-1.19).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.99 (0.82-1.20).
|
Age and study area. |
| 17) Kelemen LE (2005) | The Iowa Women's Health study | 29,017 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.
(USA) | 15 (1986-2000) | 739? | Coronary heart disease mortality | Poultry (chicken and turkey) | RR = 0.93 (0.71-1.23; P = 0.79) for the highest vs lowest quintile (median servings per 1,000 kcal between extreme quintiles = 0.04 and 0.30) of substitution for an isoenergetic amount of all carbohydrate-rich foods*
Amount specific data (quintiles. No amounts specified):
Q1: RR = 1.
Q2: RR = 0.94.
Q3: RR = 1.06.
Q4: RR = 0.98.
Q5: RR = 0.93.
*Carbohydrate rich foods [defined as: A composite of refined carbohydrates (rice, pasta, potatoes, refined cold breakfast cereal, muffins, snack foods, sweetened sodas, pizza, chocolate, candy, cakes, cookies, donuts, pastries, pies) and whole-grain carbohydrates (dark bread, brown rice, oatmeal, whole-grain breakfast cereal, bran, wheat germ, and other grains such as bulgar, kasha, and couscous)]. | Age, total energy, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, trans-fat, total fiber, dietary cholesterol, dietary methionine, alcohol, smoking, activity level, BMI, history of hypertension, postmenopausal hormone use, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, education, family history of cancer, servings of fruits and vegetables excluding potatoes, legumes, dairy, eggs, red meats, poultry, and fish. |
| 15) Sauvaget C (2003) | The Hiroshima/Nagasaki Life Span Study. | 40,349 Japanese atomic bomb surivors (14,350 men, and 24,999 women) aged 34-103. | 16
(1980-81 to 1996) | 1,132 | Total stroke mortality | Chicken |
HR = 1.43 (0.98-2.10; P = 0.011) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
Never: HR = 1.00.
< or = 1 time/wk: HR = 0.88 (0.70-1.10).
2-4 times/wk: HR = 0.99 (0.79-1.25).
Almost daily: HR = 1.43 (0.98-2.10). | Stratified by sex and birth cohort. Adjusted for city, radiation dose, self-reported BMI, smoking status, alcohol habits, education levels, history of diabetes, or hypertension. |
| 12) Whiteman D (1999) | The OXCHECK Study. | 10,522 men and women aged 35-64 without a previous history of angina.
(UK) | 9
(1989-1997) | 96 | IHD mortality | Fresh or frozen poultry (not defined) |
RR = 0.95 (0.38-2.38; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (days/wk):
< 1: RR = 1.
1-3: RR = 0.63 (0.41-0.98).
4-7: RR = 0.95 (0.38-2.38). | Gender, smoking and age. |
| 10) Albert CM (1998) | The Physician's Health Study | 20,551 men aged 40-84, and without a history of MI, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cancer.
(USA) | 11
(1983-1995) | 133? | Sudden cardiac death | Chicken (not defined) | No significant association was found (no data shown). | Age, aspirin and beta carotene treatment assignment, evidence of CVD, BMI, smoking status, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, alcohol, vigorous exercise, vitamine E, vitamin C, and multivitamin use. |
| 9) Ross RK (1997) | No cohort name | 18,244 men aged 45-64 from Shanghai.
(China) | 1986-89 to 1994 | 245? | Stroke/cerebrovascular accident death | fresh chicken or duck | No significant association was found when evaluated either as median levels of daily intake or as tertiles of intake frequencies (No data shown). | Education, marital status, BMI, lifetime cigarette smoking, lifetime ethanol intake, and history of hypertension. |
| 6) Iso H (2001) | The Nurses' Health Study | 85,764 women aged 34-59.
(USA) | 14
(1980-1994) | 74? | Intraparenchymal hemmorhage risk | Chicken | Not related to risk (No data shown). | Age, smoking status, time interval, BMI, alcohol intake, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, vigorous exercise, usual aspirin use, multivitamin use, vitamin E use, n3 fatty acid intake, calcium intake, and histories of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels, and total energy. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1994) | The Adventist Health Study | 26,473 nondiabetic California Seventh-day Adventists. | No data shown. | No data shown. | Coronary events incidence (nonfatal myocardial infarction or definite fatal coronary heart disease) | Poultry (not defined) |
none: Relative Hazard = 1.00.
< 1/wk: Relative Hazard = 1.12.
> or = 1/wk: Relative Hazard = 0.99 (No 95% CI; No P-value). | Proportional hazards analysis. |
| 1) Fraser GE (1988) | The Adventist Health Study | 28,038 nondiabetics who reported no previous history of MI. | 1977-1982 | 200? | definite MI risk | Poultry | No significant association (no data shown). | Multivariate analyses. |
| |