| 23) Panagiotakos D (2009) | The ATTICA Study | 2,101 men and women aged 18-89 without CVD.
(Greece) | 5
(2001-2002 to 2006) | 170
(108 men and 62 women) | Cardiovascular disease incidence (fatal or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, ustable angina, or any other type of CVD) | Red meat and products (beef, pork, lamb; bacon, hot-dogs) | Cases consumed the same amount of servings per week (5.1) as noncases (4.7; P = 0.28). | Age. |
| 22) Sinha R (2009) | The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. | 322,263 men, and 223,390 women.
(USA) | 10
(1995-2005) | Men: 14,221.
Women: 5,356. | CVD mortality (a combination of heart diseases; hypertension without heart disease; cerebrovascular diseases; atherosclerosis; aortic aneurysm and dissection; and other diseases of the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries) | Red meat (all types of beef and pork, including bacon, beef, cold cuts, ham, hamburger, hotdogs, liver, pork, sausage, steak, and meats in foods such as pizza, chili, lasagna, and stew) |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.27 (1.20-1.35; P = < 0.001) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
9.8: HR = 1.
21.4: HR = 0.99 (0.96-1.09).
31.3: HR = 1.08 (1.02-1.15).
42.8: HR = 1.18 (1.12-1.26).
62.5: HR = 1.27 (1.20-1.35).
Stratified by smoking status:
Never smokers: HR = 1.43 (1.25-1.63).
Former/current smokers: HR = 1.17 (1.10-1.26).
|
HR = 1.50 (1.37-1.65; P = < 0.001) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
9.8: HR = 1.
21.4: HR = 1.13 (1.04-1.23).
31.3: HR = 1.26 (1.16-1.37).
42.8: HR = 1.39 (1.27-1.52).
62.5: HR = 1.50 (1.37-1.65).
Stratified by smoking status:
Never smokers: HR = 1.63 (1.38-1.93).
Former/current smokers: HR = 1.34 (1.18-1.51).
|
Age, race, total energy intake, education, marital status, family history of cancer, BMI, smoking history, vigorous physical activity, alcohol intake, vitamin supplement user, and vegetable consumption. |
|