Spinach and cardiovascular disease.

Data about spinach was provided by 2 cohorts. Total CVD risk was the end point in both cohorts. A protective effect was found in one cohort, but no data is available about the strength or significance of the association (22). No association was found in the other cohort (36).

Conclusion: Data is to limited to judge the evidence. No evidence was found for an association between spinach and CVD.


Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
36) Takachi R. (2007)	The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC).	77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74. (Japan)	5.8 (1995-1998 to 2002)	1,386? (227 myocardial infarction, 1,159 stroke)	Risk of cardiovascular disease	Komatsuna, or spinach	Not significantly inversely associated with CVD risk (no data shown).	Age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use.
22) Liu S (2001)	The Physician's Health Study.	15,220 male physicians aged 40-84. (USA)	12 (1982-1995)	1,148?	Risk of CHD (MI and CABG/PTCA [Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting/Percutaneous-Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty])	Green leafy vegetables (spinach cooked or uncooked)	A reduction in CHD risk was found (data not shown).	Not defined, but probably: age, treatment (aspirin + beta-carotene), cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, history of diabetes mellitus, history of high cholesterol, history of hypertension, and use of multivitamins.

Cardiovascular disease & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to heart disease and stroke.

Spinach and cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of ourdiet to heart disease and stroke.

Spinach and cardiovascular disease.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to heart disease and stroke.