| 36) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74.
(Japan) | 5.8
(1995-1998 to 2002) | 1,386?
(227 myocardial infarction, 1,159 stroke) | Risk of cardiovascular disease | Tomatoes, or tomato juice | Not significantly inversely associated with CVD risk (no data shown). | Age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |
| 21) Sesso HD (2003) | The women's Health Study. | 38,445 female health professionals aged ≥ 45.
(USA) | 7.2
(1992 to ?) | 708 | Cardiovascular disease risk (MI, revascularization, stroke and cardiovascular death) | Tomato juice |
RR = 1.14 (0.83-1.56; P = 0.24) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
None: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 1.23 (1.02-1.48).
1/wk: RR = 1.42 (1.11-1.82).
≥ 2/wk: RR = 1.14 (0.83-1.56).
1 serving = 1 small glass. | Age, randomized aspirin, randomized vitamin E, randomized beta-carotene, BMI, exercise, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, parental history of MI < 60 y, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and the intake of fruit and vegetables, alcohol, fiber, folate, nonsupplemental vitamin E and saturated fat. |
| 21) Sesso HD (2003) | The women's Health Study. | 38,445 female health professionals aged ≥ 45.
(USA) | 7.2
(1992 to ?) | Total CVD: 707.
Important cardiovascular events: Not defined (probably +/- 500) | Cardiovascular disease risk | Tomato sauce |
Total cardiovascular disease
(MI, revascularization, stroke and cardiovascular death) | Important vascular events
(MI, stroke and cardiovascular death) |
RR = 0.76 (0.55-1.05; P = 0.06) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
None: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 0.99 (0.78-1.27).
1/wk: RR = 1.04 (0.81-1.34).
≥ 2/wk: RR = 0.76 (0.55-1.05).
|
RR = 0.64 (0.43-0.94) for consumption ≥ 2 servings/wk vs none (data not shown).
|
1 serving = 1/2 cup (118 mL).Age, randomized aspirin, randomized vitamin E, randomized beta-carotene, BMI, exercise, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, parental history of MI < 60 y, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and the intake of fruit and vegetables, alcohol, fiber, folate, nonsupplemental vitamin E and saturated fat. |
| 21) Sesso HD (2003) | The women's Health Study. | 38,445 female health professionals aged ≥ 45.
(USA) | 7.2
(1992 to ?) | 723 | Cardiovascular disease risk (MI, revascularization, stroke and cardiovascular death) | Tomatoes |
RR = 1.03 (0.66-1.61; P = 0.19) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
None: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 1.38 (0.93-2.06).
1-4/wk: RR = 1.22 (0.84-1.79).
≥ 5/wk: RR = 1.03 (0.66-1.61).
1 serving = 1 tomato. | Age, randomized aspirin, randomized vitamin E, randomized beta-carotene, BMI, exercise, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, parental history of MI < 60 y, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and the intake of fruit and vegetables, alcohol, fiber, folate, nonsupplemental vitamin E and saturated fat. |
| 17) Mink PJ. (2007) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 34,489 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.
(USa) | 16
(1986-2002) | 2,316 | Cardiovascular disease mortality | Tomatoes |
RR = 0.93 (0.83-1.03; P = 0.998) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/wk):
< 1: RR = 1.
1: RR = 0.83 (0.74-0.92).
> 1: RR = 0.93 (0.83-1.03). | Age, energy intake, marital status, education, blood pressure, diabetes, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, smoking, and estrogen use. |
| 9) Gaziano JM (1995) | The Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study. | 1,273 subjects aged ≥ 66. | 4.75 (1976-1980) | 161? | Cardiovascular death | Tomatoes | RR = 0.73 (0.46-1.16) for consumption ≥ 1 vs < 1 serving/day. | Age and sex. |
Coronary heart disease:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 37) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 41,547 men, and 56,947 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 568 men, and
379 women. | Ischemic heart disease mortality | Tomatoes |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 0.85 (0.68-1.06) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.02 (0.82-1.26).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.85 (0.68-1.06).
|
HR = 1.07 (0.82-1.41) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.05 (0.79-1.40).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.07 (0.82-1.41).
|
Age and study area. |
| 22) Liu S (2001) | The Physician's Health Study. | 15,220 male physicians aged 40-84.
(USA) | 12
(1982-1995) | 1,148? | Risk of CHD (MI and CABG/PTCA [Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting/Percutaneous-Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty]) | Tomatoes or tomato juices | A reduction in CHD risk was found (data not shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, treatment (aspirin + beta-carotene), cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, history of diabetes mellitus, history of high cholesterol, history of hypertension, and use of multivitamins. |
| 10) Lin J (2007) | The Nurses' Health Study. | 66,360 women aged 34-59.
(USA) | 12
(1990-2002) | Risk of nonfatal MI: 938.
CHD death: 324. | Risk of myocardial infarction, and
CHD death | Tomatoes (tomato juice, tomato sauce, and tomatoes) |
| Nonfatal MI | Fatal CHD |
RR = 0.83 (0.63-1.10; P = 0.40) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
0-< 3/week: RR = 1.
3-< 5/week: RR = 0.90 (0.74-1.09).
5-< 7/week: RR = 0.84 (0.67-1.04).
1-< 2/day: RR = 0.90 (0.67-1.23).
≥ 2/day: RR = 0.83 (0.63-1.10).
|
RR = 0.90 (0.55-1.47; P = 0.86) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
0-< 3/week: RR = 1.
3-< 5/week: RR = 0.86 (0.61-1.19).
5-< 7/week: RR = 1.13 (0.79-1.61).
1-< 2/day: RR = 1.30 (0.80-2.11).
≥ 2/day: RR = 0.90 (0.55-1.47).
|
Age; current smoking; parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60; history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes; menopausal status; postmenopausal hormone use; use of aspirin; use of multivitamin and vitamin E supplements; BMI; physical activity; alcohol consumption; and total energy intake. |
Stroke:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 37) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 41,547 men, and 56,947 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 1,126 men, and
947 women. | Cerebrovascular mortality | Tomatoes |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 1.00 (0.86-1.17) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.00 (0.86-1.17).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.00 (0.86-1.17).
|
HR = 1.01 (0.86-1.20) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.07 (0.90-1.27).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.01 (0.86-1.20).
|
Age and study area. |
| 16) Ross RK (1997) | No cohort name defined | 18,244 men aged 45-64 from Shanghai.
(China) | 1986-89 to 1994 | 245? | Stroke/cerebrovascular accident death | Tomatoes in season | No significant association was found when evaluated either as median levels of daily intake or as tertiles of intake frequencies (No data shown). | Education, marital status, BMI, lifetime cigarette smoking, lifetime ethanol intake, and history of hypertension. |
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