Prospective studies of tuna consumption and coronary heart disease:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 15) Albert CM (1998) | The Physician's Health Study | 20,551 men aged 40-84, and without a history of MI, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cancer.
(USA) | 11
(1983-1995) | 133? | Sudden cardiac death | Canned tuna fish | RR = 0.66 (0.40-1.11) for consumption ≥ 1 serving/wk vs < 1 serving/month. | Age, aspirin and beta carotene treatment assignment, evidence of CVD, BMI, smoking status, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, alcohol, vigorous exercise, vitamine E, vitamin C, and multivitamin use. |
| 15) Morris MC (1995) | The Physician's Health Study | 21,185 men aged 40-84, and without a history of MI, stroke, transient ischemic attacks, cancer, liver/renal disease, peptic ulcer, gout, current use of aspirin, other platelet-active drugs, or NSAID's.
(USA) | 4
(1983-1988) | 278 | Fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction (excluding silent infarctions) | Canned tuna fish |
RR = 0.9 (0.6-1.5; P = 0.43) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (meals/week):
Rarely/never: RR = 1.
1-3 times/month: RR = 1.1 (0.8-1.5).
1 time/week: RR = 1.4 (1.0-1.9).
≥ 2 times/week: RR = 0.9 (0.6-1.5). | Age, aspirin and beta-carotene assignment, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes mellitus, vigorous exercise, parental history of MI, history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia, vitamin supplement use, and saturated fat intake. |
| 14) Bernstein AM (2010) | The Nurses' Health Study | 84,136 women aged 34-59, and without cancer, diabetes mellitus, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery bypass grafting) | 26
(1980-2006) | 3,162? | Coronary heart disease (nonfatal infarction and CHD death) | Canned tuna |
RR = 0.97 (0.82-1.15; P = 0.64) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.02: RR = 1.
0.07: RR = 1.07 (0.91-1.25).
0.11: RR = 0.89 (0.74-1.06).
0.14: RR = 1.13 (0.96-1.33).
0.33: RR = 0.97 (0.82-1.15).
Further adjustment for fruit and vegetable intake had no effect on the risk associations. | Age, time period, total energy, cereal fiber, alcohol, trans fat, BMI, cigarette smoking, menopausal status, parental history of myocardial infarction, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, aspirin use, and physical exercise. |
| 14) Hu FB (2003) | The Nurses' Health Study | 5,103 women with physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 1984-96 | ? | CHD incidence | Canned tuna | No inverse association with risk of CHD was observed (no data shown). | Age, time intervals, smoking status, BMI, alcohol intake, parental history of MI, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, moderate to vigorous activities, usual aspirin use, multivitamin supplement use, vitamin E supplement use, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, duration of diabetes, and hypoglycemic medication. |