| 37) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,323 men, and 55,480 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 549 men, and
391 women. | Ischemic heart disease mortality | Carrot or pumpkin |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 0.93 (0.73-1.19) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.04 (0.81-1.32).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.93 (0.73-1.19).
|
HR = 0.82 (0.59-1.15) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.90 (0.64-1.27).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.82 (0.59-1.15).
|
Age and study area. |
| 37) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,323 men, and 55,480 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 1,100 men, and
949 women. | Cerebrovascular mortality | Carrot or pumpkin |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 0.99 (0.83-1.17) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.98 (0.82-1.16).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.99 (0.83-1.17).
|
HR = 0.89 (0.72-1.09) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.86 (0.69-1.07).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.89 (0.72-1.09).
|
Age and study area. |
| 36) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74.
(Japan) | 5.8
(1995-1998 to 2002) | 1,386 (227 myocardial infarction, 1,159 stroke) | Risk of cardiovascular disease | Yellow vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, pumpkins, and tomato juice) | HR = 1.04 (0.89-1.23; P = 0.45) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption (not defined).
Amount specific data (quartiles):
Q1: HR = 1.
Q2: HR = 0.98 (0.84-1.15).
Q3: HR = 1.08 (0.92-1.27).
Q4: HR = 1.04 (0.89-1.23). | age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |
| 22) Liu S (2001) | The Physician's Health Study. | 15,220 male physicians aged 40-84.
(USA) | 12
(1982-1995) | 1,148? | Risk of CHD (MI and CABG/PTCA [Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting/Percutaneous-Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty]) | Dark yellow vegetables (carrots and yellow squash) | A reduction in CHD risk was found (data not shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, treatment (aspirin + beta-carotene), cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, history of diabetes mellitus, history of high cholesterol, history of hypertension, and use of multivitamins. |
| 21) Liu S (2000) | The Women's Health Study. | 39,876 female health professionals.
(USA) | 5
(1993-1999) | 418? | Cardiovascular disease risk | Dark and yellow vegetables (carrots, yellow squash, yams, and sweet potatoes) | A reduction in CVD risk (no data shown). | Age, smoking, exercise, alcohol use, postmenopausal hormone use, BMI, multivitamin use, vitamin C supplement use, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of cholesterol, and parental history of MI. |
| 9) Gaziano JM (1995) | The Massachusetts Health Care Panel Study. | 1,273 subjects aged ≥ 66. | 4.75 (1976-1980) | 161? | Cardiovascular death | Carrots and/or squash | RR = 0.40 (0.17-0.98) for consumption ≥ 1 vs < 1 serving/day. | Age and sex. |
| |