| 9) Voorrips LE. (2000) | The Netherlands Cohort Study. | 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69.
(The Netherlands) | 6.3
(1986-1992) | 578? colon (312 men, 266 women), and 314? rectal (199 men, 115 women) | Colorectal cancer risk | Raw vegetables (Raw endive, raw carrots, lettuce, tomatoes) |
Colon cancer risk:
| Men | Women |
RR = 0.79 (0.54-1.16; P = 0.47) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
7: RR = 1.
19: RR = 0.56 (0.37-0.84).
30: RR = 0.88 (0.61-1.27).
44: RR = 0.77 (0.53-1.13).
73: RR = 0.79 (0.54-1.16).
|
RR = 1.02 (0.67-1.54; P = 0.53) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
10: RR = 1.
25: RR = 0.95 (0.63-1.42).
37: RR = 0.92 (0.60-1.39).
50: RR = 0.68 (0.43-1.06).
76: RR = 1.02 (0.67-1.54).
|
Rectal cancer risk:
| Men | Women |
RR = 0.93 (0.58-1.47; P = 0.91) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
7: RR = 1.
19: RR = 0.71 (0.43-1.17).
30: RR = 1.00 (0.63-1.56).
44: RR = 0.93 (0.59-1.47).
73: RR = 0.93 (0.58-1.47).
|
RR = 1.24 (0.67-2.26; P = 0.42) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
10: RR = 1.
25: RR = 0.82 (0.42-1.56).
37: RR = 1.40 (0.78-2.51).
50: RR = 0.92 (0.48-1.75).
76: RR = 1.24 (0.67-2.26).
|
Age, family history of colorectal cancer, and alcohol. Total energy intake, smoking, physical activity, and BMI were evaluated as potential confounders. |
| 7) Thun MJ. (1992) | The Cancer Prevention Study II. | 764,343 adults (337,505 men, and 426,838 women) aged ≥ 30.
Nested case-control (matched by exact age, race, and sex).
(USA) | 1982-1988 | 1,150?
(611 men, and 539 women) | Colon cancer mortality | Raw vegetables (not defined) | A reduced risk in both men and women (no data shown). | Unadjusted! |
|