| 29) Koushik A. (2007) | Pooled Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies. | 756,217 subjects (242,362 men and 513,855 women) | 6-20 years | 5,838? (1,890 men and 3,948 women). 3,063 proximal colon and 2,313 distal colon (data of colon site missing for 462 subjects) | Colon cancer risk | Umbelliferae |
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Publication of a diet and cancer association.
- Diagnosis of at least 50 incident colorectal cancer cases.
- Assessment of usual diet.
- Conduct of a validation study of the dietary assessment method or a closely related instrument.
INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of colon cancer cases).
In the analysis, an extended follow-up period for most of the studies was included:
- The Adventist Health Study. (1976-1982/52 men, 67 women)
Singh PN, Fraser GE. Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low-risk population. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Oct 15;148(8):761-74. Full text
- The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. (1984-1999/187 men)
Pietinen P, Malila N, Virtanen M, Hartman TJ, Tangrea JA, Albanes D. Diet and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of Finnish men. Cancer Causes Control. 1999 Oct;10(5):387-96. Abstract
- The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. (1992-1999/467 men, 349 women)
McCullough ML, Robertson AS, Chao A, Jacobs EJ, Stampfer MJ, Jacobs DR. A prospective study of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and colon cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2003 Dec;14(10):959-70. Abstract
- The Health Professionals Follow-up Study. (1986-2000/456 men)
Michels KB, Edward Giovannucci, Joshipura KJ, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Fuchs CS. Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Nov 1;92(21):1740-52. Full text
- The Netherlands Cohort Study. (1986-1993/393 men, 353 women)
Voorrips LE, Goldbohm RA, van Poppel G, Sturmans F, Hermus RJ, van den Brandt PA. Vegetable and fruit consumption and risks of colon and rectal cancer in a prospective cohort study: The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Dec 1;152(11):1081-92. Full text
- The New York State Cohort. (1980-1987/335 men, 223 women)
Bandera EV, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Zielezny M, Priore RL, Brasure J. Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997 Nov;8(6):828-40. Abstract
- The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project Follow-up Study. (1987-1999/349 women)
Flood A, Velie EM, Chaterjee N, Subar AF, Thompson FE, Lacey JV Jr. Fruit and vegetable intakes and the risk of colorectal cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project follow-up cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):936-43. Full text
- The Canadian National Breast Screening Study. (1980-2000/431 women)
Terry P, Jain M, Miller AB, Howe GR, Rohan TE. Dietary intake of folic acid and colorectal cancer risk in a cohort of women. Int J Cancer. 2002 Feb 20;97(6):864-7. Abstract
- The Iowa Women's Health Study. (1986-2001/799 women)
Steinmetz KA, Kushi LH, Bostick RM, Folsom AR, Potter JD. Vegetables, and fruit colon cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Jan 1;139(1):1-15. Abstract
- The New York University Women's Health Study. (1985-1998/96 women)
Kato I, Akhmedkhanov A, Koenig K, Toniolo PG, Shore RE, Riboli E. Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: the New York University Women's Health Study. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(3):276-81. Abstract
- The Nurses' Health Study A + B. (A = 1980-1986/162 women. B = 1986-2000/429 women)
Michels KB, Edward Giovannucci, Joshipura KJ, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Fuchs CS. Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Nov 1;92(21):1740-52. Full text
- The Prospective Study on Hormones, Diet and Breast Cancer. (1987-2001/ 43 women)
Sieri S, Krogh V, Muti P, Micheli A, Pala V, Crosignani P. Fat and protein intake and subsequent breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Nutr Cancer. 2002;42(1):10-7. Abstract
- The Swedish Mammography Cohort. (1987-2003/484 women)
Terry P, Giovannucci E, Michels KB, Bergkvist L, Hansen H, Holmberg L. Fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Apr 4;93(7):525-33. Full text
- The Women's Health Study. (1993-2003/163 women)
Lin J, Zhang SM, Cook NR, Rexrode KM, Liu S, Manson JE. Dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Apr;16(3):225-33. Abstract
RELATIVE RISK:
Total colon cancer: RR = 0.97 (0.90-1.05; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Distal colon cancer: A significantly decreased risk: RR = 0.88 (0.79-0.99). | BMI; height; education; physical activity; family history of colorectal cancer; postmenopausal hormone use; oral contraceptive use; use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; multivitamin use; smoking habits (never/past/current + amount); red meat; total milk; alcohol; and total energy. Age in years and year of questionnaire return were included as stratification variables. |