| 30) Nomura AM (2008) | The Multiethnic Cohort Study. | 85,903 men and 105,108 women aged 45-75.
(Hawaii and California) | 7.3
(1993-96 to 2001) | 1138? men, and 972? women | Colorectal cancer risk
(only invasive adenocarcinoma of the large bowel) | Yellow-orange vegetables (not defined) |
| Men: | Women: |
RR = 0.90 (0.73-1.11; P = 0.248) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (quintiles not defined):
Q1: RR = 1.
Q2: RR = 0.97 (0.80-1.17).
Q3: RR = 0.94 (0.78-1.15).
Q4: RR = 0.83 (0.68-1.02).
Q5: RR = 0.90 (0.73-1.11).
|
RR = 0.90 (0.72-1.13; P = 0.891) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (quintiles not defined):
Q1: RR = 1.
Q2: RR = 0.74 (0.59-0.93).
Q3: RR = 0.86 (0.69-1.07).
Q4: RR = 0.84 (0.67-1.05).
Q5: RR = 0.90 (0.72-1.13).
|
Age, family history of colorectal cancer, history of colorectal polyp, pack-years of cigarette smoking, BMI, hours of vigorous activity, aspirin use, multivitamin use, replacement hormone use, log energy intake, alcohol, red meat, folate, vitamin D, and calcium. |
| 25) Tsubono Y. (2005) | Cohort I from The JPHC Study. | 40,106 subjects 40-59 years (19,345 men and 20,761 women). | 9
(1990-99) | No data shown. | Colorectal cancer risk | Yellow vegetables (not defined) | No significant relations with risk of colon or rectal cancer (no data shown). | sex, age, public health centre area, BMI, frequency of sports, smoking, alcohol consumption, vitamin supplement use, energy, cereals, meat, and fish by each cohort. |
| 24) Sato Y. (2005) | The Miyagi Cohort Study. | 47,605 subjects (22,836 men and 24,769 women) aged 40-64.
(Japan) | 1990-1997 | Colon: 165?
Rectal: 110? | Colon, and rectal cancer risk | Carrots and pumpkins | No significant correlation was found with colon, and rectal cancer risk (No data shown). | Sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, education, family history of cancer, walking time, and meat consumption. |
| 4) Heilbrun LK (1989) | The Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study. | 8,006 American Japanese men from Hawaii.
(Nested case-control) | 16
(1965-68 to ?) | Colon: 102
Rectal: 60 | Colorectal cancer incidence | Deep yellow vegetables and tomatoes (not defined) | Colon: A nonsignificanly lower mean intake for colon (30.7 g/day) cancer cases was noted as compared to controls (36.1 g/day).
Rectal: mean intake = 29.7 g/day.
No significant dose-response was found with colon and rectal cancer (no data shown). | Age. |
| 1) Shibata A. (1992) | The Leisure World Study. | 11,580 residents of a retirement community.
(USA) | 1981-1989 | 202 (97 men, 105 women) | Colon cancer risk | Yellow vegetables (sweet potatoes, yams, pumpkin [including use in pie or soup], carrots, summer squash [zucchini, yellow crookneck, yellow straightneck, cocozelle, scallop squash], sweet red peppers, hot red chili peppers [including hot pepper sauce, chili powder, cayenne pepper, tobasco sauce].) |
| Men | Women |
RR = 1.09 (0.65-1.84; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
< 0.26: RR = 1.
0.26-< 0.71: RR = 1.59 (0.98-2.58).
≥ 0.71: RR = 1.09 (0.65-1.84). |
RR = 0.83 (0.52-1.32; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/day):
< 0.36: RR = 1.
0.36-< 0.87: RR = 0.85 (0.53-1.36).
≥ 0.87: RR = 0.83 (0.52-1.32). |
Age and smoking.
Adjustment for BMI or physical activity did not materially alter the results (data not shown). |
Prospective studies of yellow vegetables and colorectal cancer mortality:
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 22) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,323 men, and 55,480 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 186 men, and
190 women. | Colon cancer mortality | Carrot or pumpkin |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 1.21 (0.78-1.88) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.21 (0.77-1.88).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.21 (0.78-1.88).
|
HR = 1.46 (0.83-2.57) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.47 (0.82-1.64).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.46 (0.83-2.57).
|
Age and study area. |
| 22) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,323 men, and 55,480 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 142 men, and
75 women. | Rectal cancer mortality | Carrot or pumpkin |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 0.99 (0.59-1.66) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.31 (0.79-2.15).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.99 (0.59-1.66).
|
HR = 6.82 (0.93-49.9; P = < 0.10) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 7.49 (1.01-55.6; P = < 0.05).
≥ 3/w: HR = 6.82 (0.93-49.9).
|
Age and study area. |
| | | |