Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 5 studies (24), and one additional cohort (30) including a total of 2,413
cases. No (non)significant associations were found.
Lung cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between broccoli and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||
| 30) Wang L (2009) | The Women's Health Study | 38,408 female health professionals aged ≥ 45. (USA) | 11.5 (1992-95 to 2007) | 241? | Lung cancer incidence | Broccoli | Risk did not materially change with intake (data not shown). | Age, race, total energy, randomized treatment assignment, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, postmenopausal status, hormone replacement therapy use, multivitamin use, family history of colorectal cancer, ovary cancer, or breast cancer, and intake of fruit and vegetables, fiber, folate, and saturated fat. | ||||||||||||||
| 24) Smith-Warner SA (2003) | Pooled analysis of 5 prospective studies. | 272,303 | 7-16 | 2,172 | Lung cancer risk | Broccoli |
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of lung cancer cases):
RELATIVE RISK: RR = 1.05 (0.89-1.24; P = 0.33) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings/week): 0: RR = 1. > 0 to < 1: RR = 1.00 (0.85-1.18). ≥ 1: RR = 1.05 (0.89-1.24). One serving = 1/2 cup. P for between-study heterogeneity: 0.68. P for between-study heterogeneity due to sex: 0.38. | Adjusted for education, BMI, alcohol intake, calories, smoking status, smoking duration for past/current smokers, amount smoked for current smokers. | ||||||||||||||
| 14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study | 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. Men: 1986-1996. | 516? women, and 258? men | Total lung cancer risk | Broccoli | No significant association with risk (no data shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure. | ||||||||||||||
| 14) Speizer FE (1999) | The Nurses' Health Study. | 89,284 women aged 34-59 years. (USA) | 12 (1980-1992) | 399? | Lung cancer risk | Broccoli |
RR = 0.2 (No 95% CI; P = 0.03) for the highest vs the lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of consumption): Never: RR = 1. 1-3/mo: RR = 1.0. 1/wk: RR = 0.8. 2-4/wk: RR = 0.9. ≥ 5/wk: RR = 0.2. The association for broccoli became non-significant when carrots were included in the model. | age, smoking (past, current, amount in 1980), and age of starting to smoke | ||||||||||||||
| 10) Steinmetz KA (1993) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 35,115 women aged 55-69. | 4 (1986-1989) | 138? | Lung cancer incidence | Broccoli |
OR = 0.72 (0.40-1.29; P = 0.3) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings/wk): 0.0: OR = 1. 0.5: OR = 0.74 (0.44-1.26). 1.0: OR = 0.67 (0.40-1.12). ≥ 3.0: OR = 0.72 (0.40-1.29).
Age, energy intake, and pack-years of smoking. |
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