Cauliflower and lung cancer.

Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 4 cohorts. A significant protective effect was found in one cohort among women (14). No significant associations were found in the other cohorts, but all RRs were < 1.
Lung cancer mortality: Data about lung cancer mortality was provided by 1 cohort (2). A nonsignificant protective effect was found.

Conclusion: Weighed data does not exclude the possibility of an association between cauliflower and lung cancer, but evidence for an association is inconclusive.

Prospective studies of cauliflower and lung cancer risk:

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

14) Feskanich D (2000)

The Nurses' Health Study

&

The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study

77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years)

Women: 1984-1996.

Men: 1986-1996.

516? women, and
258? men

Total lung cancer risk

Cauliflower

Women: A significantly lower risk: RR = 0.39 (0.16-0.92; No P-value) for increases of 1 serving/day.

Men: none of the individual vegetables were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer.

Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure.

11) Voorrips LE (2000)

The Netherlands Cohort Study

62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69.

6.3
(1986-1992)

910?

lung cancer risk

cauliflower

RR = 0.8 (0.6-1.0; No P value) per 25 g/day increment.

age, sex, current smoker, years of smoking cigarettes, habitual number of cigarettes per day, highest educational level, family history of lung cancer and the other vegetables of the cooked vegetable group.

2) Kvale G (1983)

No cohort name.

10,602 men.
(Norway)

11.5
(1967-1978)

All: 73.
Squamous and small cell: 46.

Lung cancer risk

Cauliflower


Primary tumours:	Squamous and small-cell carcinomas:
Relative odds = 0.85 (P = 0.70) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption (> 6 vs < 1 times/month).	Relative odds = 0.48 (P = 0.24) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption (> 6 vs < 1 times/month).

Age, cigarette smoking, region and urban/rural place of residence.

**Prospective studies of cauliflower and lung cancer risk:**
Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
9) Chow WH (1992)	The Lutheran Brotherhood Study	17,633 white men aged 35 or over. (USA)	20 (1966-1986)	219	lung cancer mortality	Cauliflower	Linked to a lower risk of lung cancer death, but nonsignificant (no data shown).	Age, industry/occupation, and smoking status.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to lung cancer risk & mortality.

Cauliflower and lung cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto lung cancer risk & mortality.

Cauliflower and lung cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to lung cancer risk & mortality.