Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 5 cohorts. No association was found.
Lung cancer mortality: Data about lung cancer mortality was provided by one cohort. A nonsignificant protective effect was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between grapes and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29) Wright ME (2008) | The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 472,081 subjects (281,288 men and 190,793 women) aged 50-71. (USA) | 8 (1995-2003) | See variables | Lung cancer risk | Vitaceae (grapes) |
All men (3,834 cases): RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04; P = 0.47) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings per 1000 kcal per day): 0.002: RR = 1. 0.01: RR = 0.95 (0.87-1.05). 0.03: RR = 0.93 (0.84-1.03). 0.06: RR = 0.97 (0.87-1.07). 0.18: RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04).
All women (2,201 cases): RR = 0.99 (0.86-1.13; P = 0.70) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings per 1000 kcal per day): 0: RR = 1. 0.02: RR = 0.93 (0.82-1.05). 0.04: RR = 0.95 (0.84-1.08). 0.08: RR = 1.03 (0.91-1.17). 0.29: RR = 0.99 (0.86-1.13).
One serving of fruits = 1 medium sized fresh fruit, 1/2 cup of chopped fruit, or 6 ounces of fruit juice. Age, energy intake, race, education, BMI, smoking status, smoking dose, time since quitting, alcohol intake, physical activity, and family history of any cancer. |
14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study | & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. | Men: 1986-1996. 516? women, and | 258? men Total lung cancer risk | Raisins/grapes | No significant association with risk (no data shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure. |
11) Voorrips LE (2000) | The Netherlands Cohort Study | 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69. | 6.3 | (1986-1992) 963 | lung cancer risk | Grapes |
RR = 0.9 (0.7-1.1; P = 0.26) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. | Amount specific data (g/day): 0: RR = 1. 2: RR = 1.0 (0.8-1.2). 9: RR = 0.9 (0.7-1.1). Additional adjustment for total vegetable intake did not change results at all (No data shown). age, sex, family history of lung cancer, highest educational level, current smoker, years of smoking, number of cigarettes/day and total fruit intake. |
10) Cutler GJ. (2008) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 34,708 postmenopausal women aged 55-69. | (USA) 1986-2004 | 849? | Lung cancer risk | Raisins/grapes | Stratified by smoking history, intake of raisins/grapes (> or = 1 vs < 1 time/wk) was not associated with risk of lung cancer (No data shown). | Age, energy, education, race, BMI, multivitamin use, activity level, and pack years. |
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