Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 2 cohorts. A significant protective effect was found in one cohort (19), but not in the other one (11).
Lung cancer mortality: Data about lung cancer mortality was provided by 2 cohorts. No associations were found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between mushrooms and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 19) Miller AB (2002) | The EPIC Study | 127,892 men and 289,946 women. | 4 | 247? men and 245? women | Lung cancer incidence | Mushrooms |
HR = 0.64 (0.47-0.89) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (Quartiles not defined): Q1: HR = 1. Q2: HR = 0.80 (0.61-1.04). Q3: HR = 0.78 (0.59-1.04). Q4: HR = 0.64 (0.47-0.89). | Stratified by centre and gender and adjusted for time of follow-up and smoking. |
| 11) Voorrips LE (2000) | The Netherlands Cohort Study | 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69. | 6.3 (1986-1992) | 910? | lung cancer risk | mushrooms | RR = 0.6 (0.3-1.1; No P value) per 25 g/day increment. | age, sex, current smoker, years of smoking cigarettes, habitual number of cigarettes per day, highest educational level, family history of lung cancer and the other vegetables of the cooked vegetable group. |
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | |||||||||||||
| 26) Khan MM. (2004) | No cohort name. | 1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan. | 1984-2002 | 41 men, 10 women? | Lung cancer mortality | Mushroom | Men: RR = 0.9 (0.5-1.6; No P-value). Women: RR = 1.1 (0.3-4.0; No P-value). RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month. | Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking. | |||||||||||||
| 17) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 42,778 men, and 58,891 women. (Japan) | Not defined. | 821 men, and 243 women. | Lung cancer mortality | Fungi (enokidake, shiitake, mushrooms) |
Age and study area. |
17) Ozasa K (2001) | The JACC Study. | 42,940 Japanese men (22,465 current smokers, 11,308 ex-smokers, 9,167 nonsmokers) and 55,308 women (2,868 current smokers, 852 ex-smokers, 51,588 nonsmokers) aged 40-79. | 7.7 | (1988-90 to 1997) 446 men (303 current-, 111 ex-, and 32 non-smokers), and 126 women (19 current-, 6 ex-, and 101 nonsmokers) | Lung cancer mortality | Mushrooms | Not associated with lung cancer death among each group (Men + women, and male current smokers, male ex-smokers and female nonsmokers. Other smoking-status groups were not analyzed because of insufficient numbers of lung cancer cases.). No data shown! | The amount of cases in each food group did not always add up to the total amount of cases in the cohort! Age, parents' history of lung cancer, smoking status, smoking index and time since quitting smoking. |
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