Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 3 cohorts. No associations were found.
Lung cancer mortality: Data about lung cancer mortality was provided by 1 cohort. No association was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between fruit juices, other than orange/grapefruit and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study | 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. Men: 1986-1996. | 516? women, and 258? men | Total lung cancer risk | Apple juice | No significant association with risk (no data shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure. |
| 14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study | 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. Men: 1986-1996. | 516? women, and 258? men | Total lung cancer risk | Fruit juices other than orange/grapefruit/apple | No significant association with risk (no data shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure. |
| 11) Voorrips LE (2000) | The Netherlands Cohort Study | 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69. | 6.3 (1986-1992) | 963 | lung cancer risk | Fruit juices other than orange/grapefruit | RR = 0.9 (0.7-1.2; P = 0.40) for consumption 20 vs 0 g/day (Only measured in 2 units of consumption). Additional adjustment for total vegetable intake did not change results at all (No data shown). | age, sex, family history of lung cancer, highest educational level, current smoker, years of smoking, number of cigarettes/day and total fruit intake. |
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 16) Breslow RA (2000) | The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). | 20,195 US subjects (8,363 men, 11,641 women). | 8.5 (1987-1995) | 158? (90 men and 68 women) | lung cancer mortality | Fruit juices (other than orange or grapefruit) or fortified fruit drinks | No significant findings (no data shown). | Age, gender, and smoking (packs per day and duration). The model was run with and without the covariates race, family income, region of the country, occupation, marital status, BMI, and social activities. Final models were performed with and without adjustment for total caloric intake. |