Lung cancer risk: Data about lung cancer risk was provided by 4 cohorts. No associations were found, but in the largest cohort a significant difference
in effect was found when smoking status was considered (29).
Lung cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No evidence was found for an association between spinach and lung cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29) Wright ME (2008) | The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 472,081 subjects (281,288 men and 190,793 women) aged 50-71. (USA) | 8 (1995-2003) | See variables | Lung cancer risk | Chenopodiaceae (raw spinach and cooked spinach) |
All men (3,834 cases): RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04; P = 0.33) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings per 1000 kcal per day): 0: RR = 1. 0.006: RR = 0.91 (0.83-1.01). 0.01: RR = 1.03 (0.94-1.14). 0.04: RR = 0.97 (0.88-1.07). 0.13: RR = 0.94 (0.85-1.04).
All women (2,201 cases): RR = 1.00 (0.87-1.15; P = 0.93) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings per 1000 kcal per day): 0: RR = 1. 0.01: RR = 1.02 (0.89-1.16). 0.03: RR = 1.00 (0.88-1.14). 0.06: RR = 1.02 (0.89-1.16). 0.21: RR = 1.00 (0.87-1.15).
One serving of vegetables = 1 cup of raw, leafy vegetables, 1/2 cup of other vegetables, or 6 ounces of juice. Age, energy intake, race, education, BMI, smoking status, smoking dose, time since quitting, alcohol intake, physical activity, and family history of any cancer. |
14) Feskanich D (2000) | The Nurses' Health Study | & The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study 77,283 US women (38-63 years) and 47,778 men (40-75 years) | Women: 1984-1996. | Men: 1986-1996. 516? women, and | 258? men Total lung cancer risk | Raw spinach, cooked spinach | No significant association with risk (no data shown). | Not defined, but probably: age, follow-up cycle, smoking status,years since quitting among past smokers, cigarettes smoked/day among current smokers, age at start of smoking, total energy intake, and availability of diet data after baseline measure. |
11) Voorrips LE (2000) | The Netherlands Cohort Study | 62,573 women and 58,279 men aged 55-69. | 6.3 | (1986-1992) 910? | lung cancer risk | spinach | RR = 1.2 (0.9-1.6; No P value) per 25 g/day increment. | age, sex, current smoker, years of smoking cigarettes, habitual number of cigarettes per day, highest educational level, family history of lung cancer and the other vegetables of the cooked vegetable group. |
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