Oranges, Mandarins and ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer risk: Data about the relation between oranges and ovarian cancer risk was provided by a pooled analysis of 8 cohorts (9). No association was found. In addition, no association was found with mandarins in one single cohort (7).

Ovarian cancer mortality: Data about the relation with ovarian cancer mortality was provided by one cohort (10). No association was found.

Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between oranges or mandarins and ovarian cancer.

Author	Cohort name	Subjects	Years of follow-up	Cases	End point	Consumption of	Relative Risk (RR)	Adjustments
10) Sakauchi F (2007)	The JACC Study.	64,327 women aged 40-79. (Japan)	13.3 (1988-90 to 2003)	54	Ovarian cancer mortality	Oranges	HR = 0.91 (0.44-1.91; P = 0.83) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (intake frequency): ≤ 2 times/week: HR = 1. 3-4 times/week: HR = 0.54 (0.20-1.52). Almost every day: HR = 0.91 (0.44-1.91).	Age, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, history of sex hormone use, BMI, physical activity, and education.
9) Koushik A (2005)	Pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies.	411,698 women.	7-22	1,490	Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk	Oranges	INCLUSION CRITERIA: At least 50 incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases. An assessment of usual diet. A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument. INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of ovarian cancer casses): The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (1987-1999/142). Hannan LM. Physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 May;13(5):765-70. Full text The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (1992-2001/278). Calle EE. The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Cancer. 2002 Jan 15;94(2):500-11. Abstract The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2001/208). Kushi LH. Prospective study of diet and ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 1;149(1):21-31 Full text The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1995/208). Mommers M. Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2005 Oct 1;104(7):1512-9. Full text The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/77). Bandera EV. Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997 Nov;8(6):828-40. Abstract The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/120. B = 1986-2002/315). Fairfield KM. Risk of ovarian carcinoma and consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and specific carotenoids: a prospective analysis. Cancer. 2001 Nov 1;92(9):2318-26. Full text The Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2000/52). Cho E. Premenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jul 16;95(14):1079-85. Full text The Women's Health Study (1993-2004/104). Higginbotham S. Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jan;13(1):65-70. Full text RELATIVE RISK: RR = 0.98 (0.83-1.15) for a daily increment of 1 serving (= 1 orange, or 131 g). P for between-studies heterogeneity = .	Parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, age at menarche, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, and total energy intake. Age in years and year of questionnaire return were included as stratification variables.
7) Mommers M (2005)	The Netherlands Cohort Study	62,573 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.	11,3 (1986-1997)	252?	Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence	Oranges and fresh orange juice	RR = 1.00 (0.94-1.07) per 25-g per day increment.	Age, height, current cigarette smoking, duration of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, duration of oral contraceptive use, parity, and all individual fruit or vegetable items listed.
7) Mommers M (2005)	The Netherlands Cohort Study	62,573 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.	11,3 (1986-1997)	252?	Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence	Mandarins	RR = 1.18 (0.80-1.75) per 25-g per day increment.	Age, height, current cigarette smoking, duration of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, duration of oral contraceptive use, parity, and all individual fruit or vegetable items listed.
4) Fairfield KM (2001)	The Nurses' Health Study	80,326 women aged 34-59. Excluding women with a history of bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy with unknown number of ovaries removed, or history of pelvic irradiation. (USA)	16 (1980-1996)	263?	Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence	Oranges	RR = 0.85 (0.54-1.34) for ≥ 5 vs < 1 servings/week.	Age, BMI, duration of oral contraceptive use, smoking history, parity, history of tubal ligation, total energy, and dietary fiber.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

10) Sakauchi F (2007)

The JACC Study.

64,327 women aged 40-79.
(Japan)

13.3
(1988-90 to 2003)

Ovarian cancer mortality

Oranges

HR = 0.91 (0.44-1.91; P = 0.83) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data (intake frequency):
≤ 2 times/week: HR = 1.
3-4 times/week: HR = 0.54 (0.20-1.52).
Almost every day: HR = 0.91 (0.44-1.91).

Age, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, history of sex hormone use, BMI, physical activity, and education.

9) Koushik A (2005)

Pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies.

411,698 women.

7-22

1,490

Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Oranges

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

At least 50 incident invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases.
An assessment of usual diet.
A validation study of the diet assessment method or a closely related instrument.

INCLUDED STUDIES (Follow-up years/No. of ovarian cancer casses):

The Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (1987-1999/142).
Hannan LM. Physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective cohort study in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 May;13(5):765-70. Full text
The Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (1992-2001/278).
Calle EE. The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Cancer. 2002 Jan 15;94(2):500-11. Abstract
The Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2001/208).
Kushi LH. Prospective study of diet and ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 1;149(1):21-31 Full text
The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986-1995/208).
Mommers M. Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2005 Oct 1;104(7):1512-9. Full text
The New York State Cohort (1980-1987/77).
Bandera EV. Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997 Nov;8(6):828-40. Abstract
The Nurses' Health Study A + B (A = 1980-1986/120. B = 1986-2002/315).
Fairfield KM. Risk of ovarian carcinoma and consumption of vitamins A, C, and E and specific carotenoids: a prospective analysis. Cancer. 2001 Nov 1;92(9):2318-26. Full text
The Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2000/52).
Cho E. Premenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jul 16;95(14):1079-85. Full text
The Women's Health Study (1993-2004/104).
Higginbotham S. Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Jan;13(1):65-70. Full text

RELATIVE RISK:

RR = 0.98 (0.83-1.15) for a daily increment of 1 serving (= 1 orange, or 131 g).

P for between-studies heterogeneity = .

Parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use, age at menarche, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, and total energy intake. Age in years and year of questionnaire return were included as stratification variables.

7) Mommers M (2005)

The Netherlands Cohort Study

62,573 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.

11,3
(1986-1997)

252?

Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence

Oranges and fresh orange juice

RR = 1.00 (0.94-1.07) per 25-g per day increment.

Age, height, current cigarette smoking, duration of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, duration of oral contraceptive use, parity, and all individual fruit or vegetable items listed.

7) Mommers M (2005)

The Netherlands Cohort Study

62,573 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.

11,3
(1986-1997)

252?

Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence

Mandarins

RR = 1.18 (0.80-1.75) per 25-g per day increment.

4) Fairfield KM (2001)

The Nurses' Health Study

80,326 women aged 34-59. Excluding women with a history of bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy with unknown number of ovaries removed, or history of pelvic irradiation.
(USA)

16
(1980-1996)

263?

Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer incidence

Oranges

RR = 0.85 (0.54-1.34) for ≥ 5 vs < 1 servings/week.

Age, BMI, duration of oral contraceptive use, smoking history, parity, history of tubal ligation, total energy, and dietary fiber.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to ovarian cancer risk & mortality.

Oranges, Mandarins and ovarian cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto ovarian cancer risk & mortality.

Oranges, Mandarins and ovarian cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to ovarian cancer risk & mortality.