Berries and pancreatic cancer.
Data about berries was provided by 2 cohorts. No association was found with pancreatic cancer risk.
Data about berries was provided by 2 cohorts. No association was found with pancreatic cancer risk.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 18) Vrieling A (2009) | The EPIC Study | 478,400 subjects from 8 European countries (excluding Norway and UK). | 8.9 (1991-2000 to 2002-2007) | 472 | Invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer incidence | Berries (e.g. strawberries, raspberries) |
HR = 0.90 (0.66-1.23; P = 0.61) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/day): < 0.1: HR = 1. 0.1-4: HR = 0.96 (0.67-1.37). 4-10: HR = 0.75 (0.53-1.08). > 10: HR = 0.90 (0.66-1.23). | Stratified by age at entry, sex and center. Adjusted for energy from fat, energy from non-fat, weight, height, history of diabetes, and smoking status. Waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol, red meat and processed meat intake, and education did not markedly change the risk estimates. |
| 6) Bobe G (2008) | The Alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) | 27,111 healthy male smokers of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day aged 50-69. (Finland) | 16.1 (1985-2004) | 306 | Primary exocrine adenocarcinoma of the pancreas incidence | Berries (not defined) |
HR = 0.88 (0.63-1.24; P = 0.94) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/day): ≤ 11.53: HR = 1. > 11.53-21.76: HR = 0.66 (0.46-0.95). > 21.76-34.41: HR = 0.85 (0.60-1.19). > 34-41-55.48: HR = 0.70 (0.49-1.01). > 55.48: HR = 0.88 (0.63-1.24). Effect modification: No significant interaction was found by intervention (any supplement [alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, or both] vs placebo). | Age at randomization, years of smoking, total number of cigarettes per day, self-reported history of diabetes mellitus, and energy-adjusted saturated fat intake. |
| 6) Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ (2002) | The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC). | 27,111 male smokers of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day aged 50-69. (Finland) | 13 (1985-88 to 1997) | 163? | Primary malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas incidence | Berries (not defined) |
HR = 0.72 (0.46-1.14; P = 0.12) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/day): ≤ 9.7: HR = 1. > 9.7 and ≤ 20.4: HR = 0.62 (0.39-1.01). > 20.4 and ≤ 33.5: HR = 0.74 (0.47-1.17). > 33.5 and ≤ 54.6: HR = 0.57 (0.35-0.94). > 54.6: HR = 0.72 (0.46-1.14). | Energy intake, age and years of smoking. Additional variables examined in the analyses included ATBC trial interventions; dietary folate, saturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes; history of diabetes mellitus; occupational physical activity; and education. |