Pancreatic cancer risk: Data about the relation with pancreatic cancer risk was provided by 6 cohorts. No (non)significant association was found in any cohort
at any level of consumption.
Pancreatic cancer mortality: No data was found.
Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between cruciferous vegetables and pancreatic cancer.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16) Nöthlings U (2007) | The Multiethnic Cohort Study | 183,522 men and women aged 45-75. (Hawaii-Los Angeles) | 8.3 (1993-96 to 2002) | 529 | Exocrine pancreatic cancer incidence | Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, head cabbage, won bok, Brussels sprouts, and other cruciferous vegetables) |
RR = 0.83 (0.62-1.12; P = 0.156) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/1,000 kcal/day): 5.33: RR = 1. 11.63: RR = 1.03 (0.78-1.36). 17.96: RR = 0.96 (0.73-1.28). 27.40: RR = 1.01 (0.76-1.34). 50.80: RR = 0.83 (0.62-1.12). Effect modification: -No significant trends were found, stratified by ethnicity. -No significant inverse associations were found, stratified by BMI. -No differences in effects of vegetables on risk were found, stratified by processed meat intake. | Sex and time in the study were adjusted for as strata variables. Further adjustment was made for age at cohort entry, ethnicity, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of pancreatic cancer, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, intakes of red meat and processed meat, energy intake, and body mass index. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14) Larsson SC (2006) | The Swedish Mammography Cohort & The Cohort of Swedish Men | 81,922 subjects (36,616 women and 45,306 men). | 6.8 (1998-2004) | 135 (61 women and 74 men) | Primary malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas incidence | Cruciferous vegetables (all types of cabbages, cauliflower, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts) |
HR = 0.70 (0.43-1.13; P = 0.14) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data (servings/wk): < 1.0: HR = 1. 1.0-1.4: HR = 0.81 (0.49-1.33). 1.5-2.9: HR = 0.63 (0.37-1.06). ≥ 3.0: HR = 0.70 (0.43-1.13).
Age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, cigarette smoking status and pack-years of smoking, multivitamin supplement use, and intakes of total energy, alcohol, citrus fruits and green leafy vegetables. |
14) Larsson SC (2006) | The Swedish Mammography Cohort | & The Cohort of Swedish Men 81,922 subjects (36,616 women and 45,306 men). | 6.8 | (1998-2004) 135? | Primary malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas incidence | Broccoli or Brussels sprouts | HR = 0.82 (0.48-1.41) for consumption ≥ 1 serving/wk vs never consumption. | Age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, cigarette smoking status and pack-years of smoking, multivitamin supplement use, and intakes of total energy, and alcohol. |
12) Michaud DS (2005) | The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study | & The Nurses' Health Study 47,493 men and 77,179 women. | (USA) Women: 1984-2000. | Men: 1986-2000. 366? | (185 men, and 181 women) Pancreatic cancer incidence | Cruciferous vegetables (not defined) | No substantial increase in risk was found (no data shown). | Age, pack-years of smoking, BMI, physical activity, history of diabetes mellitus, caloric intake, height, and multivitamin use. |
6) Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ (2002) | The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC). | 27,111 male smokers of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day aged 50-69. | (Finland) 13 | (1985-88 to 1997) 163? | Primary malignant neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas incidence | Cruciferous vegetables (not defined) |
HR = 0.82 (0.50-1.32; P = 0.44) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. | Amount specific data (g/day): ≤ 1.8: HR = 1. > 1.7 and ≤ 7.0: HR = 0.81 (0.50-1.31). > 7.0 and ≤ 13.1: HR = 0.84 (0.52-1.35). > 13.1 and ≤ 22.7: HR = 0.94 (0.59-1.49). > 22.7: HR = 0.82 (0.50-1.32). Energy intake, age and years of smoking. |
Additional variables examined in the analyses included ATBC trial interventions; dietary folate, saturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes; history of diabetes mellitus; occupational physical activity; and education. 6) Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ (2001) | The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study | 27,101 healthy male smokers of ≥ 5 cigarettes/day aged 50-69. | (Finland) 13 | (1985-88 to 1997) 157? | Incident primary malignant neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas | Cruciferous vegetables (not defined) | HR = 0.72 (0.41-1.14; P = 0.15) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. | Age and intervention. |
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