| 16) Nöthlings U (2007) | The Multiethnic Cohort Study | 183,522 men and women aged 45-75.
(Hawaii-Los Angeles) | 8.3
(1993-96 to 2002) | 529 | Exocrine pancreatic cancer incidence | Yellow-orange vegetables (Includes carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, yams, winter squash, and other yellow vegetables. Excludes summer squash and corn.) |
RR = 1.03 (0.77-1.38; P = 0.581) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1,000 kcal/day):
3.02: RR = 1.
6.50: RR = 1.18 (0.90-1.56).
10.45: RR = 1.17 (0.89-1.55).
16.97: RR = 1.01 (0.76-1.35).
33.37: RR = 1.03 (0.77-1.38).
Effect modification:
-No significant trends were found, stratified by ethnicity.
-No significant inverse associations were found, stratified by BMI.
-No differences in effects of vegetables on risk were found, stratified by processed meat intake. | Sex and time in the study were adjusted for as strata variables. Further adjustment was made for age at cohort entry, ethnicity, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of pancreatic cancer, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, intakes of red meat and processed meat, energy intake, and body mass index. |
| 15) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,323 men, and 55,480 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 179 men, and
187 women. | Pancreas cancer mortality | Carrot or pumpkin |
| Men: | Women |
HR = 0.81 (0.53-1.22) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.85 (0.56-1.28).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.81 (0.53-1.22).
|
HR = 0.96 (0.60-1.55) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data:
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.78 (0.46-1.30).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.96 (0.60-1.55).
|
Age and study area. |
| 15) Lin Y (2006) | The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study) | 46,465 men and 64,327 women aged 40-79. | 10
(1988-90 to 1999) | See variables | Pancreatic cancer death | Carrots and squash |
Stratified by gender:
Men
(109 cases) | women
(120 cases) |
HR = 0.80 (0.41-1.54; P = 0.47) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 0.86 (0.54-1.38).
Almost every day: HR = 0.80 (0.41-1.54).
|
HR = 1.03 (0.57-1.87; P = 0.53) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 0.74 (0.43-1.29).
Almost every day: HR = 1.03 (0.57-1.87).
|
Stratified by smoking status:
Smokers
(67 cases) | Nonsmokers
(112 cases) |
HR = 0.79 (0.33-1.87; P = 0.69) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 1.08 (0.61-1.93).
Almost every day: HR = 0.79 (0.33-1.87).
|
HR = 1.01 (0.54-1.87; P = 0.62) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
0-2/mo: HR = 1.
1-4/wk: HR = 0.75 (0.43-1.33).
Almost every day: HR = 1.01 (0.54-1.87).
|
Age, area, and pack-years of smoking.
Additional adjustment for potential confounders, such as history of diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and coffee and green tea consumption, did not alter the risk estimates materially. |
| 12) Michaud DS (2005) | The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study
&
The Nurses' Health Study | 47,493 men and 77,179 women.
(USA) | Women: 1984-2000.
Men: 1986-2000. | 366?
(185 men, and 181 women) | Pancreatic cancer incidence | Yellow vegetables (not defined) | No substantial increase in risk was found (no data shown). | Age, pack-years of smoking, BMI, physical activity, history of diabetes mellitus, caloric intake, height, and multivitamin use. |
| 4) Shibata A (1994) | The Leisure World Study | 13,979 residents of a retirement community. | 9
(1981-1990) | 63 | Pancreatic cancer incidence | Yellow vegetables (sweet potatoes, carrots, summer squash, red peppers and chili peppers) |
RR = 0.60 (0.33-1.10) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
< 0.35: RR = 1.
0.35-0.79: RR = 0.64 (0.35-1.17).
≥ 0.80: RR = 0.60 (0.33-1.10). | Sex, age and cigarette smoking. |
| |