| 18) Kirsh VA. (2007) | The screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. | 29,361 men aged 55-74.
(USA) | mean 4.2
(1993-2001) | 1,338
of which 520 aggressive (Stage III-IV or gleason score ≥ 7), and ? extraprostatic (Stage III-IV only) | prostate cancer risk | Brussels sprouts |
| All prostate cancer: | Aggressive prostate cancer: | Extraprostatic cancer: |
RR = 0.88 (0.61-1.27; P = 0.86) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/mo: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 1.07 (0.90-1.28).
1/wk: RR = 1.04 (0.80-1.33).
> 1/wk: RR = 0.88 (0.61-1.27).
|
RR = 0.89 (0.49-1.63; P = 0.69) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/mo: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 0.92 (0.68-1.24).
1/wk: RR = 1.39 (0.97-1.99).
> 1/wk: RR = 0.89 (0.49-1.63).
|
RR = 0.71 (0.22-2.23; P = 0.94) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/mo: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 0.84 (0.50-1.41).
1/wk: RR = 1.58 (0.89-2.79).
> 1/wk: RR = 0.71 (0.22-2.23).
|
age, total energy, race, study center, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, supplemental vitamine E intake, total fat intake, red meat intake, diabetes, aspirin use, and previous number of prostate cancer screening examinations during the follow-up period.
Results were not statistically significantly altered by additional adjustment for total fruit or vegetable intake (as appropriate) and tomato intake or for history of PSA tests before study enrollment. |
| 10) Schuurman AG (1998) | The Netherlands Cohort Study. | 58,279 men aged 55-69 | 6.3
((1986-1992) | 606? | prostate cancer risk | Brussels sprouts | No association: RR = 0.87 (0.56-1.36) per 25 g/day increment. | age, family history of prostate cancer, socioeconomic status and total fruit.
Additionaly adjusted for total vegetables. |
| 7) Giovannucci E. (2003) | The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. | 47,365 aged 40-75 predominantly Caucasian (>91%) men.
(USA) | 14
(1986-2000) | 2,969? nonstage T1 | Prostate cancer risk
(excluding stage T1a cancers [found in ≤ 5% of tissue resected]) | Brussels sprouts | None of the specific crucifera were significantly related to risk (all Ps > or = 0.19).
Men < 65 years: None of the specific cruciferous vegetables were significantly related to lower risk (no data shown). | Multivariate: BMI at age 21, BMI in 1986, height, cigarette pack-years in previous 10 years, family history of prostate cancer, history of diabetes mellitus, vigorous physical activity, and intakes of total calories, red meat, processed meat, fish, alpha-linolenic acid, calcium, and tomato sauce. |
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