| 18) Kirsh VA. (2007) | The screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. | 29,361 men aged 55-74.
(USA) | mean 4.2
(1993-2001) | 1,338?
of which 520 aggressive (Stage III-IV or gleason score ≥ 7), and ? extraprostatic (Stage III-IV only) | prostate cancer risk | Fruit juice (apple, orange or other) |
| All prostate cancer: | Aggressive prostate cancer: | Extraprostatic cancer: |
RR = 1.23 (1.02-1.48; P = 0.08) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 1.11 (0.92-1.33).
0.8: RR = 1.19 (1.00-1.42).
1.3: RR = 1.12 (0.94-1.34).
3.4: RR = 1.23 (1.02-1.48).
|
RR = 1.29 (0.95-1.76; P = 0.49) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 1.41 (1.06-1.88).
0.8: RR = 1.29 (0.97-1.72).
1.3: RR = 1.28 (0.95-1.71).
3.4: RR = 1.29 (0.95-1.76).
|
RR = 1.32 (0.79-2.21; P = 0.39) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings per day):
0.1: RR = 1.
0.3: RR = 1.31 (0.82-2.10).
0.8: RR = 1.20 (0.74-1.93).
1.3: RR = 1.41 (0.88-2.26).
3.4: RR = 1.32 (0.79-2.21).
|
age, total energy, race, study center, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, supplemental vitamine E intake, total fat intake, red meat intake, diabetes, aspirin use, and previous number of prostate cancer screening examinations during the follow-up period.
Results were not statistically significantly altered by additional adjustment for total fruit or vegetable intake (as appropriate) and tomato intake or for history of PSA tests before study enrollment. |
| 17) Stram DO. (2006) | The multiethnic cohort study. | 82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males aged 45-75.
(USA) | 1993-96 to 2001 | 3,922?
(1,345 nonlocalized and high grade disease) | prostate cancer risk | Fruit juice alone (not defined) |
| Prostate cancer risk: | Non-localized or high grade prostate cancer risk: |
RR = 1.09 (0.98-1.20; P = 0.107) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
≤ 2.5: RR = 1.
> 2.5-≤ 10.8: RR = 1.03 (0.92-1.14).
> 10.8-≤ 28.4: RR = 1.03 (0.93-1.14).
> 28.4-≤ 64.8: RR = 1.04 (0.94-1.15).
> 64.8: RR = 1.09 (0.98-1.20).
Risk increased for latino men. (P for heterogeneity by ethnic group = 0.084).
|
RR = 1.03 (0.87-1.21; P = 0.321) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
≤ 2.5: RR = 1.
> 2.5-≤ 10.8: RR = 0.95 (0.80-1.13).
> 10.8-≤ 28.4: RR = 1.00 (0.84-1.19).
> 28.4-≤ 64.8: RR = 0.98 (0.83-1.16).
> 64.8: RR = 1.03 (0.87-1.21).
|
age, BMI, education and family history of prostate cancer |
| 5) Hsing AW. (1990) | The Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study. | 17,633 white men age ≥ 35.
(USA) | 20
(1966-1986) | 149? | Prostate cancer mortality | Fruit juice | No individual food item was found to increase or decrease risk significantly (no data shown). | age, tobacco |
| |