| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 23) Ambrosini GL (2008) | No cohort name. | 1985 blue asbestos-exposed men.
(Australia) | Median 12.7
(1990-96 to 2004) | 97? | Prostate cancer incidence | Fresh oranges | No association with prostate cancer risk (no data shown). | Age, total fruit and vegetable intake, randomly assigned retinol or beta carotene supplement and source fo crocidolite exposure. |
| 17) Stram DO. (2006) | The multiethnic cohort study. | 82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males aged 45-75.
(USA) | 1993-96 to 2001 | 3,922?
(1,345 nonlocalized and high grade disease) | prostate cancer risk | Oranges |
RR = 1.00 (0.90-1.11; P = 0.610) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/1000 kcal):
≤ 2.0: RR = 1.
> 2.0-≤ 5.6: RR = 0.98 (0.88-1.09).
> 5.6-≤ 13.2: RR = 0.95 (0.85-1.06).
> 13.2-≤ 33.1: RR = 0.91 (0.82-1.01).
> 33.1: RR = 1.00 (0.90-1.11).
(P for heterogeneity by ethnic group = 0.282) | age, BMI, education and family history of prostate cancer |
| 10) Schuurman AG (1998) | The Netherlands Cohort Study. | 58,279 men aged 55-69 | 6.3
((1986-1992) | 637? | prostate cancer risk | Oranges | An increased risk: RR = 1.07 (1.01-1.14) per 25 g/day increment. | Age, family history of prostate cancer, socioeconomic status and total vegetables.
Additionaly adjusted for total fruits. |
| 10) Schuurman AG (1998) | The Netherlands Cohort Study. | 58,279 men aged 55-69 | 6.3
((1986-1992) | 637? | prostate cancer risk | Mandarins | A slight decrease in risk: RR = 0.75 (0.50-1.11) per 25 g/day increment. | Age, family history of prostate cancer, socioeconomic status and total vegetables.
Additionaly adjusted for total fruits. |
| 7) Giovannucci E (1995) | The Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. | 47,894 men aged 40-75.
(USA) | 1986-1992 | 713 | Non-stage A1 prostate cancer risk | Oranges |
RR = 0.94 (0.72-1.22; P = 0.80) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
0: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 0.91 (0.73-1.14).
1/wk: RR = 0.97 (0.76-1.24).
2-4/wk: RR = 0.99 (0.79-1.24).
≥ 5/wk: RR = 0.94 (0.72-1.22). | Age and energy. |
| 5) Hsing AW. (1990) | The Lutheran Brotherhood Cohort Study. | 17,633 white men age ≥ 35.
(USA) | 20
(1966-1986) | 149? | Prostate cancer mortality | Oranges | No individual food item was found to increase or decrease risk significantly (no data shown). | age, tobacco |