| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,507 men, and 54,297 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 8,007 men, and
5,536 women. | All-cause mortality | Margarine |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 0.96 (0.90-1.03) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 1.02 (0.95-1.09).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.96 (0.90-1.03).
|
HR = 0.81 (0.75-0.87; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2/w: HR = 0.88 (0.81-0.95; P = < 0.01).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.81 (0.75-0.87).
|
Age and study area. |
| 19) Iso H (2007) | The JACC Study. | 39,528 men, and 54,172 women.
(Japan) | Not defined. | 8,041 men, and
5,591 women. | All-cause mortality | Butter |
| Men: | Women: |
HR = 1.03 (0.95-1.12) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2 w: HR = 0.95 (0.88-1.03).
≥ 3/w: HR = 1.03 (0.95-1.12).
|
HR = 0.86 (0.77-0.95; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Frequency of intake):
< 1/w: HR = 1.
1-2 w: HR = 0.93 (0.85-1.02).
≥ 3/w: HR = 0.86 (0.77-0.95).
|
Age and study area. |
| 12) Fortes C. (2000) | Cohort name not defined | 161 elderly (52 men, and 109 women) ≥ 65 years. (Mean age 80) in Rome.
(Italy) | 5
(1993-1998) | 53? (21 men, and 32 women) | Overall mortality | Butter | RR = 0.67 (0.31-1.44; No P-value) for consumption ≥ 1 vs < 1 time/week. | Unadjusted. |
| 10) Jamrozik K (2000) | The Perth Community Stroke Study | 790 controls from a previous case-control analysis with or without a history of CVD.
(Australia) | 4
(1990-91 to 1994) | 198? | Death from any cause | Butter vs margarine (not defined) | No significant relationship was found with the use of butter as opposed to margarine (no data shown). | Sex and age. |
| 8) Whiteman D. (1999) | The OXCHECK Study. | 10,522 men and women aged 35-64 without a previous history of angina.
(UK) | 9
(1989-1997) | 505 | All-cause mortality | Spread | RR = 1.23 (0.94-1.60; No P-value) for hard margarine (e.g. stork), and RR = 0.80 (0.66-0.97; No P-value) for polyunsaturate (e.g. flora, sunflower) (reference category = butter).
Stratified by long-standing disease
| No | Yes |
RR = 1.10 (0.71-1.71; No P-value) for hard margarine.
RR = 0.92 (0.68-1.24; No P-value) for unsaturate. | RR = 1.19 (0.85-1.69; No P-value) for hard margarine.
RR = 0.68 (0.52-0.88; No P-value) for unsaturate. |
Stratified by vigorous exercise
| No | Yes |
RR = 1.26 (0.93-1.69; No P-value) for hard margarine.
RR = 0.79 (0.63-0.99; No P-value) for unsaturate. | RR = 1.23 (0.55-2.74; No P-value) for hard margarine.
RR = 1.19 (0.69-2.06; No P-value) for unsaturate. |
Gender, smoking and age. |
| 1) Kahn HA. (1984) | The Adventist Health Study. | 27,530 California members of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church aged ≥ 30, including black, white and oriental subjects.
(USA) | 21
(1960-1980) | 5,627 | All-cause mortality | Butter or margarine |
| OR with consideration of lenght of survival | OR without consideration of lenght of survival |
OR = 1.04 (No 99% CI; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (days/wk):
< 1: OR = 1.00.
1-6: OR = 1.07.
7: OR = 1.04. |
OR = 1.03 (No 99% CI; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.
Amount specific data (days/wk):
< 1: OR = 1.00.
1-6: OR = 1.05.
7: OR = 1.03. |
Age (15-year intervals), sex, history of disease (heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, or cancer), age at initial exposure to the Adventist Church, and smoking history (never vs ever). |
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