Citrus fruit and all-cause mortality/survival.

Data about citrus fruit was provided by 2 cohorts. A significant protective effect among both men and women was found in one cohort (32), but no association was found in the other one (7).

Conclusion: A significant protective effecst was found in one cohort. No evidence was found for an association between citrus fruit and mortality.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

32) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

43,011 men, and 59,504 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

9,281 men, and
6,501 women.

Mortality from all causes

Citrus fruits (not defined)


Men:	Women:
HR = 0.92 (0.87-0.98; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 0.94 (0.88-1.00; P = < 0.05). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.92 (0.87-0.98).	HR = 0.84 (0.79-0.90; P = < 0.01) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 3/w: HR = 1. 3-4/w: HR = 0.99 (0.92-1.07). ≥ 5/w: HR = 0.84 (0.79-0.90).

Age and study area.

18) Hung HC. (2004)

The Nurses' Health Study
&
The Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.

71,910 women (aged 30-55) and
37,725 men (aged 40-75).
(USA)

14
(1984-1998)
(women), and
12
(1986-1998)
(men)

9329? events (1964 cardiovascular, 6584 cancer, and 781 other deaths) in women, and 4957? events (1670 cardiovascular diseases, 2500 cancers, and 787 other deaths) in men

Risk of major chronic disease (cardiovascular disease, cancer, or nontraumatic death)

Total citrus fruit (not defined)


Men and women combined	Men	Women
RR = 0.98 (0.88-1.10; P = 0.91) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (quintiles): 1: RR = 1. 2: RR = 0.95 (0.89-1.02). 3: RR = 1.00 (0.95-1.05). 4: RR = 0.98 (0.93-1.04). 5: RR = 0.98 (0.88-1.10). RR = 1.00 (0.96-1.04) for an increment of 1 serving/day.	RR = 1.05 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption (median servings/day: 1.94 vs 0.08). Amount specific data (quintiles): 1: RR = 1. 2: RR = 0.99. 3: RR = 1.03. 4: RR = 1.02. 5: RR = 1.05. RR = 1.02 (No 95% CI) for an increment of 1 serving/day.	RR = 0.94 (No 95% CI; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption (median servings/day: 1.71 vs 0.14). Amount specific data (quintiles): 1: RR = 1. 2: RR = 0.92. 3: RR = 0.98. 4: RR = 0.96. 5: RR = 0.94. RR = 0.98 (No 95% CI) for an increment of 1 serving/day.

Total calorie intake, age, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, multivitamin and vitamin E supplement use, physical activity, family history of myocardial infarction, family history of colon cancer, personal history of hypertension, personal history of hypercholesterolemia, personal history of diabetes, and (for women only) family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, and use of hormone replacement therapy.

7) Sahyoun NR. (1996)

No cohort name.

725 subjects (254 men, and 471 women) aged 60-101 from Massachusetts.
(USA)

9-12
(1981-84 to 1993)

199?

Overall mortality

Citrus fruit and juices (not defined)

RR = 1.10 (0.69-1.76; P = 0.90) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data (tertiles. No amounts defined):
T1: RR = 1.
T2: RR = 1.26 (0.86-1.84).
T3: RR = 1.10 (0.69-1.76).

Age, sex, disease status, disabilities affecting shopping, and dark green/orange vegetables.

Mortality & Diet.

A systematic review.

Literature review

Relating various aspects of our
diet to mortality & survival.

Citrus fruit and all-cause mortality/survival.

Mortality & Diet.

A systematic review.

Literature review

Relating various aspects of ourdiet to mortality & survival.

Citrus fruit and all-cause mortality/survival.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to mortality & survival.