| 25) Folsom AR (2004) | The Iowa Women's Health Study | 41,836 women aged 55-69, and free of heart disease or cancer. | 1986-2000 | See variables | Total mortality | Canned tuna |
Women who were initially free of heart disease:
(4,653? cases) | Women with a history of MI, angina, or other heart disease:
(1,069? cases) |
| No independent association with mortality was found (no data shown).
|
Unrelated to total mortality (no data shown).
|
Age, energy intake, education level, physical activity level, alcohol consumption, smoking status, pack-years of cigarette smoking, age at first livebirth, estrogen use, vitamin use, BMI, waist/hip ratio, diabetes, hypertension, intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, red meat, cholesterol, and saturated fat. |
| 19) Virtanen JK (2008) | The Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 40,230 men aged 40-75 and free of major chronic disease.
(USA) | 18
(1986-2004) | 9,629 | Major chronic disease incidence (total CVD, total cancer, or other nontraumatic death [e.g., pneumonia, kidney or liver disease]) | Canned tuna fish |
RR = 0.97 (0.89-1.04; P = 0.48) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings):
< 1/mo: RR = 1.
1-3/mo: RR = 0.96 (0.91-1.01).
1/wk: RR = 0.97 (0.92-1.03).
≥ 2/wk: RR = 0.97 (0.89-1.04). | Age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, history of diabetes, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, first-degree family history of MI before age 60, first degree family history of colon cancer, aspirin use, multivitamin use, glycemic load, and intakes of protein, fiber, trans fat, saturated fat, n-6 fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, red meat, total calories, and alcohol. |
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