Butter, margarine and total cancer.

Data about butter and/or margarine was provided by 4 cohorts, only one of which existed of a non-Japanese population (4). In all cohorts, the association with total cancer mortality was examined.

Results: Protective effects were found of margarine, and butter in one cohort among women only (10). No other associations were found.
Associations with butter and margarine were similar (4, 10).
Effect modification: Data about effect modification was provided by one cohort (10). Effects with both butter, and margarine differed significantly between men and women.
Conclusion: Few associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between margarine, or butter and total cancer. And no evidence was found for a different effect of margarine vs butter.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

10) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

39,507 men, and 54,297 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

3,134 men, and
2,114 women.

All cancer mortality

Margarine


Men:	Women:
HR = 0.99 (0.89-1.10) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2/w: HR = 1.03 (0.93-1.14). ≥ 3/w: HR = 0.99 (0.89-1.10).	HR = 0.87 (0.76-0.99; P = < 0.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2/w: HR = 0.94 (0.83-1.07). ≥ 3/w: HR = 0.87 (0.76-0.99).

Age and study area.

10) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

39,528 men, and 54,172 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

3,142 men, and
1,867 women.

All cancer mortality

Butter


Men:	Women:
HR = 1.11 (0.97-1.27) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2 w: HR = 1.00 (0.89-1.12). ≥ 3/w: HR = 1.11 (0.97-1.27).	HR = 0.84 (0.70-1.01; P = < 0.10) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2 w: HR = 1.04 (0.90-1.21). ≥ 3/w: HR = 0.84 (0.70-1.01).

Age and study area.

9) Matsumoto M (2007)

The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study (JMS)

11,606 subjects aged 19-93.
(Japan)

1992-95 to 2002

255

All cancer mortality

Butter

HR = 1.39 (0.87-2.22; P = 0.17)

Age and sex.

7) Khan MM. (2004)

No cohort name.

1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan.

1984-2002

155 men, 89 women?

Total cancer mortality

Butter/margarine

Men: RR = 0.9 (0.6-1.2; No P-value).
Women: RR = 1.1 (0.7-1.7; No P-value).

RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month.

Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking.

4) Whiteman D. (1999)

The OXCHECK Study.

10,522 men and women aged 35-64 without a previous history of angina.
(UK)

9
(1989-1997)

231

Cancer mortality

Spread

RR = 1.13 (0.76-1.69; No P-value) for hard margarine (e.g. stork), and RR = 0.71 (0.53-0.94; No P-value) for polyunsaturate (e.g. flora, sunflower) (reference category = butter).

Gender, smoking and age.

Cancer & Diet.

A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to cancer risk & mortality.

Butter, margarine and total cancer.

Cancer & Diet.

A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of ourdiet to cancer risk & mortality.

Butter, margarine and total cancer.

Relating various aspects of our
diet to cancer risk & mortality.