Poultry and total cancer.

Total cancer risk: Data was provided by one cohort (Kelemen LE [12]). No association was found.
Total cancer mortality: Data was provided by 4 cohorts. No associations were found. The average RR = 0.95.

Author

Cohort name

Subjects

Years of follow-up

Cases

End point

Consumption of

Relative Risk (RR)

Adjustments

13) Iso H (2007)

The JACC Study.

41,860 men, and 57,565 women.
(Japan)

Not defined.

3,469 men, and
2,058 women.

All cancer mortality

Chicken


Men:	Women:
HR = 0.94 (0.85-1.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2/w: HR = 0.96 (0.88-1.04). ≥ 3/w: HR = 0.94 (0.85-1.05).	HR = 0.92 (0.81-1.05) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption. Amount specific data (Frequency of intake): < 1/w: HR = 1. 1-2/w: HR = 1.00 (0.89-1.11). ≥ 3/w: HR = 0.92 (0.81-1.05).

Age and study area.

12) Kelemen LE. (2005)

The Iowa Women's Health study.

29,017 postmenopausal women aged 55-69.
(USA)

15 (1986-2000)

4,843? (incidence), and
1,676? (mortality)

Cancer incidence and mortality

Poultry (chicken and turkey)

RRs are for the highest vs lowest quintile (median servings per 1,000 kcal between extreme quintiles = 0.04 and 0.30) of substitution for an isoenergetic amount of all carbohydrate-rich foods*
Cancer incidence	Cancer mortality
RR = 1.05 (0.94-1.17; P = 0.18). Amount specific data (quintiles. No amounts specified): Q1: RR = 1. Q2: RR = 1.00. Q3: RR = 1.01. Q4: RR = 1.06. Q5: RR = 1.05.	RR = 1.04 (0.87-1.24; P = 0.15). Amount specific data (quintiles. No amounts specified): Q1: RR = 1. Q2: RR = 0.92. Q3: RR = 1.01. Q4: RR = 1.12. Q5: RR = 1.04.

*Carbohydrate rich foods [defined as: A composite of refined carbohydrates (rice, pasta, potatoes, refined cold breakfast cereal, muffins, snack foods, sweetened sodas, pizza, chocolate, candy, cakes, cookies, donuts, pastries, pies) and whole-grain carbohydrates (dark bread, brown rice, oatmeal, whole-grain breakfast cereal, bran, wheat germ, and other grains such as bulgar, kasha, and couscous)].

Age, total energy, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, trans-fat, total fiber, dietary cholesterol, dietary methionine, alcohol, smoking, activity level, BMI, history of hypertension, postmenopausal hormone use, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, education, family history of cancer, servings of fruits and vegetables excluding potatoes, legumes, dairy, eggs, red meats, poultry, and fish.

11) Khan MM. (2004)

No cohort name

1,524 men and 1,634 women aged ≥ 40 living in Hokkaido, Japan.

1984-2002

155 men, 89 women?

Total cancer mortality

Chicken

Men: RR = 1.1 (0.8-1.5; No P-value).
Women: RR = 1.0 (0.6-1.5; No P-value).

RRs are for consumption ≥ several times/wk vs ≤ several times/month.

Men: age and smoking. Women: age, health status, health education, health screening + smoking.

8) Whiteman D. (1999)

The OXCHECK Study.

10,522 men and women aged 35-64 without a previous history of angina.
(UK)

9
(1989-1997)

219

Cancer mortality

Fresh or frozen poultry (not defined)

RR = 0.63 (0.30-1.29; No P-value) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption.

Amount specific data (days/wk):
< 1: RR = 1.
1-3: RR = 1.00 (0.76-1.31).
4-7: RR = 0.63 (0.30-1.29).

Gender, smoking and age.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to total cancer risk & mortality.

Poultry and total cancer.

Cancer & Diet. A systematic review.

Literature review.

Relating various aspects of our dietto total cancer risk & mortality.

Poultry and total cancer.

Relating various aspects of our diet
to total cancer risk & mortality.