Total dairy and total cancer.
Total dairy and total cancer.
Total cancer risk.
5 articles, providing information about 5 different cohorts were found, including 61,695 cases.
Results: A nonsignificant protective effect (trend) was found in 1 cohort (11), and in another cohort among women only (13). No other associations
were found.
Effect modification: No data was found.
Conclusion: No significant associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between dairy consumption and total cancer risk (Excluding incomplete
data from McCullough ML [5]: Average RR = 1.01).
Total cancer mortality.
3 articles, providing information about 3 different cohorts were found, including 15,300 cases.
Results: No associations were found.
Effect modification: Data about effect modification was provided by one cohort (14). Similar results were found for intakes of low- and full fat dairy products.
Conclusion: No associations were found. No evidence was found for an association between dairy consumption and total cancer mortality (Average RR = 1.00).
| Author | Cohort name | Cases | Relative Risk (RR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13) Park Y (2009) | The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 36,965 men, and 16,605 women | Men: RR = 1.03 (0.99-1.07; P = 0.19). Women: RR = 0.95 (0.90-1.00; P = 0.10). |
| 12) Benetou V (2008) | The Greek part of the EPIC Study | 851 | HR = 1.03 (0.96-1.10). |
| 11) van der Pols JC (2007) | The Boyd Orr Cohort | 770 | OR = 0.84 (0.64-1.10; P = 0.09). |
| 8) Kelemen LE (2005) | The Iowa Women's Health Study | 4,843 | RR = 1.04 (0.93-1.16; P = 0.87). |
| 5) McCullough ML (2000) | The Health Professional's Follow-up Study | 1,661 | No association. |
| Total number of cases: 61,695 | Average RR = 1.01 |
| Author | Cohort name | Cases | Relative Risk (RR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14) Bonthuis M (2010) | No cohort name defined | 58 | HR = 0.94 (0.42-2.11; P = 0.83). |
| 13) Park Y (2009) | The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 8,787 men, and 4,779 women | Men: RR = 1.05 (0.97-1.14). Women: RR = 0.93 (0.84-1.04). |
| 8) Kelemen LE (2005) | The Iowa Women's Health Study | 1,676 | RR = 0.97 (0.80-1.17; P = 0.43). |
| Total number of cases: 15,300 | Average RR = 1.00 |
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14) Bonthuis M (2010) | No cohort name defined | 1,529 participants in a skin cancer prevention trial aged 25-78 from Nambour. (Australia) | 14.4 (1992-96 to 2007) | 58? | All-cancer mortality | Total dairy (low-fat dairy [skim milk, low-fat milk, low-fat yoghurt, cottage or ricotta cheese], and high-fat dairy [whole milk, cream, ice cream, yoghurt, full-fat cheese and custard) | HR = 0.94 (0.42-2.11; P = 0.83) for the highest vs lowest tertile of consumption (430-1580 vs 8-270 g). High- and low fat dairy: Similar results were found for intakes of low- and full dairy products. | Age, sex, total energy, BMI, alcohol, school leaving age, physical activity, pack years of smoking, dietary supplement use, and beta-carotene treatment during trial (possibly also presence of [any] medical condition). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13) Park Y (2009) | The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 293,907 men and 198,903 women aged 50-71. (USA) | 1995-96 to 2003 | Incidence: 36,965 men, and 16,605 women. Death: 8,787 men, and 4,779 women. | All cancer | Dairy (Milk, yoghurt, or cheese. Excluding butter) |
One serving of dairy = 1 cup of milk or yoghurt, 1.5 oz of natural cheese, or 2 oz of processed cheese. Race/ethnicity, education, marital status, BMI, family history of cancer, vigorous physical activity, menopausal hormone therapy use, alcohol, red meat, total energy, smoking status, time since quitting smoking, smoking dose, antacid use, age at menopause, parity, oral contraceptive use, duration of menopausal hormone therapy use, personal history of diabetes and hypertension, oophorectomy, hysterectomy, prostate-specific antigen test, fat, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, protein, total beverages, folate, tomatoes (men), alpha-linolenic acid (men), and selenium (men). |
12) Benetou V. (2008) | The Greek segment of the EPIC Study. | 25,623 subjects (10,582 men, and 15,041 women). | (Greece) 7.9 | (1994-99 to 2007) 851 | (421 men, and 430 women) Total cancer risk (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) | Dairy products (not defined) | HR = 1.03 (0.96-1.10; No P-value) for an increment of 140 g/day. | Stratified by sex. Adjusted for age, years of schooling, smoking status, BMI, height, physical activity, ethanol intake, supplement use, and total energy intake. |
11) van der Pols JC (2007) | The Boyd Orr Cohort. | 4,383 children living in England and Scotland. | 1948-2005 | 770 | All cancer risk | Total dairy (ie, milk, infant formulas, cheese, cream, milk pudding, and ice cream) |
OR = 0.84 (0.64-1.10; P = 0.09) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. | Amount specific data (g/d): 89: OR = 1. 163: OR = 1.10 (0.87-1.39). 255: OR = 0.91 (0.72-1.16). 471: OR = 0.84 (0.64-1.10). There was no evidence of confounding by weight; height; season of survey; vegetable, egg, or fat intake; or socioeconomic indicators in childhood or adulthood. Age, sex, energy and fruit intakes. |
8) Kelemen LE. (2005) | The Iowa Women's Health study. | 29,017 postmenopausal women aged 55-69. | (USA) 15 (1986-2000) | 4,843? (incidence), and | 1,676? (mortality) Cancer incidence and mortality | Dairy (milk, cream, ice cream, yoghurt, and cheese) |
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*Carbohydrate rich foods [defined as: A composite of refined carbohydrates (rice, pasta, potatoes, refined cold breakfast cereal, muffins, snack foods, sweetened sodas, pizza, chocolate, candy, cakes, cookies, donuts, pastries, pies) and whole-grain carbohydrates (dark bread, brown rice, oatmeal, whole-grain breakfast cereal, bran, wheat germ, and other grains such as bulgar, kasha, and couscous)]. Age, total energy, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, trans-fat, total fiber, dietary cholesterol, dietary methionine, alcohol, smoking, activity level, BMI, history of hypertension, postmenopausal hormone use, multivitamin use, vitamin E supplement use, education, family history of cancer, servings of fruits and vegetables excluding potatoes, legumes, dairy, eggs, red meats, poultry, and fish. |
5) McCullough ML. (2000) | The Health Professionals Follow-up Study. | 38,622 men aged 40-75. | (USA) 8 | (1986-1994) 1,661? | Total cancer risk (all cancers except nonaggressive prostate cancer (< stage C and < grade 7) and nonmelanoma skin cancer) | Milk (defined as milk, yoghurt, and cheese) | Not associated with risk (no data shown). | Highest (10 points) vs lowest tertile (0 points) = 2 vs 0 servings/d respectively. Each component of the healthy food index was added individually into the multivariate model, adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, total energy intake, and time period. |
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