Citrus fruit and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Data about citrus fruit was provided by 2 cohorts. No associations were found with risk of type 2 diabetes.
Data about citrus fruit was provided by 2 cohorts. No associations were found with risk of type 2 diabetes.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 11) Villegas R (2008) | The Shanghai Women's Health Study | 64,191 women aged 40-70. (China) | 4.6 | 1,605 | Type 2 diabetes incidence (self-reported diagnoses with T2D) | Citrus fruit (tangerines, oranges, grapefruit) |
HR = 1.11 (0.95-1.29; P = 0.36) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (g/day): 2.5: HR = 1. 10.0: HR = 0.84 (0.72-0.98). 16.7: HR = 0.84 (0.72-0.98). 25.2: HR = 0.81 (0.69-0.95). 44.4: HR = 1.11 (0.95-1.29). | Age, daily energy intake, meat intake, BMI, WHR, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income level, education level, occupational status, and hypertension. |
| 8) Liu S (2004) | The Women's Health Study | 38,018 female health professionals aged ≥ 45. | 8.8 (1993-2003) | 1,612 | Type 2 diabetes incidence (self-reported) | Citrus fruits (not defined) |
RR = 1.07 (0.90-1.26; P = 0.26) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption. Amount specific data (Servings per day): 0.07: RR = 1. 0.28: RR = 1.06 (0.90-1.24). 0.57: RR = 0.90 (0.76-1.07). 1.00: RR = 1.14 (0.98-1.34). 1.57: RR = 1.07 (0.90-1.26). No significant findings were observed in the lower BMI group (BMI < 25; ~ 15% of all case subjects. Data not shown). | Age, smoking, total calories, alcohol use, BMI, exercise, history of hypertension, history of high cholesterol, and family history of diabetes. |