Dat about fruit punch was provided by 2 cohorts, both of which included women only. Significantly increased risks were found in both cohorts.
Conclusion: A significantly increased type 2 diabetes risk was found in 2 cohorts of moderate-large size. Both cohorts included women only.
Fruit punch possibly increases risk of type 2 diabetes among women. No data was available about men.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments |
| 7) Schulze MB (2004) | The Nurses' Health Study II | 91,249 women aged 26-46. | 1991-99 | 741 | Type 2 diabetes risk [required at least 1 of the following: (1) an elevated plasma glucose concentration (fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL], random plasma glucose11.1 mmol/L [200 mg/dL], and/or plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L [200 mg/dL] after ≥ hours during an oral glucose tolerance test) plus at least 1 classic symptom (excessive thirst, polyuria, weight loss, or hunger); (2) no symptoms but at least 2 elevated plasma glucose concentrations (by the aforementioned criteria) on different occasions; or (3) treatment with hypoglycemic medication (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent)] | Fruit punch |
RR = 2.00 (1.33-3.03; P = 0.001) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption. Amount specific data: < 1/mo: RR = 1. 1-4/mo: RR = 0.90 (0.68-1.18). 2-6/wk: RR = 1.15 (0.79-1.66). ≥ 1/d: RR = 2.00 (1.33-3.03). | Age; alcohol intake; physical activity; family history of diabetes; smoking; postmenopausal hormone use; oral contraceptive use; intake of cereal fiber, magnesium, trans-fat, and ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat; and consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and fruit juice. |
| 3) Bazzano LA (2008) | The Nurses Health Study | 71,346 women aged 38-63. (USA) | 18 (1984-2002) | 4,529? | Type 2 diabetes risk (any one of the following criteria was met: 1) one or more classic symptoms of diabetes and reported elevated plasma glucose levels (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/l [140 mg/dl] or randomly measured plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l [200 mg/dl]), 2) reported elevated plasma glucose on at least two occasions in the absence of symptoms, or 3) treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin) | Fruit punch | HR = 1.10 (1.06-1.15) for an increase of 1 serving/day. | Age, BMI, physical activity, family history of diabetes, postmenopausal hormone use, alcohol use, smoking, total energy intake, whole grains, nuts, processed meats, coffee, and potatoes. |