| 12) Nettleton JA (2008) | The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atheroslerosis (MESA) | 5,011 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults aged 45-84.
(USA) | 5 | 413? | Type 2 diabetes incidence (defined as self-reported type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl at any exam, or use of antidiabetes medication) | White potatoes | No significant association (HR = > 1.00; no data shown). | Energy, study center, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, leisure time physical activity, current smoking status, smoking pack-years, current weekly supplement use, and waist circumference. |
| 9) Hodge AM (2004) | The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study | 31,641 men and women aged 40-69. | 4 | 365? | Type 2 diabetes incidence (confirmed by doctor) | Potatoes |
| Multivariate adjusted: | Additionally adjusted for BMI and WHR: |
OR = 0.90 (0.64-1.25; P = 0.4) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/week):
< 2.0: OR = 1.
2.0-3.9: OR = 0.80 (0.60-1.06).
4.0-6.4: OR = 0.79 (0.58-1.07).
≥ 6.5: OR = 0.90 (0.64-1.25).
|
OR = 0.98 (0.70-1.37; P = 0.7) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (times/week):
< 2.0: OR = 1.
2.0-3.9: OR = 0.84 (0.63-1.12).
4.0-6.4: OR = 0.82 (0.60-1.12).
≥ 6.5: OR = 0.98 (0.70-1.37).
|
Age, sex, country of birth, physical activity, family history of diabetes, alcohol intake, education level, weight change in the last 5 years, and energy intake. |
| 8) Liu S (2004) | The Women's Health Study | 38,018 female health professionals aged ≥ 45. | 8.8
(1993-2003) | 1,606 | Type 2 diabetes incidence (self-reported) | Potatoes |
| All women: | Overweight women (BMI ≥ 25)
(1,353 cases): |
RR = 1.02 (0.86-1.22; P = 0.87) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Servings per day):
0.13: RR = 1.
0.28: RR = 1.03 (0.87-1.22).
0.43: RR = 0.97 (0.79-1.19).
0.56: RR = 0.96 (0.81-1.13).
0.93: RR = 1.02 (0.86-1.22).
|
RR = 1.14 (0.95-1.36; P = 0.12) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (Servings per day):
0.13: RR = 1.
0.28: RR = 1.06 (0.90-1.24).
0.43: RR = 1.00 (0.83-1.20).
0.56: RR = 1.14 (0.95-1.36).
0.93: RR = 1.14 (0.95-1.36).
|
No significant findings were observed in the lower BMI group (BMI < 25; ~ 15% of all case subjects. Data not shown).Age, smoking, total calories, alcohol use, BMI, exercise, history of hypertension, history of high cholesterol, and family history of diabetes. |
| 6) Montonen J (2005) | The Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey | 4,304 men and women aged 40-69. | 23
(1967-72 to 1995) | 383? | Type 2 diabetes incidence (users of drugs for diabetes) | Potato |
RR = 1.42 (1.02-1.98; P = 0.03) for the highest vs lowest quartile of consumption.
Amount specific data (g/day):
< 132: RR = 1.
132-196: RR = 1.09 (0.82-1.46).
197-283: RR = 1.27 (0.94-1.72).
> 283: RR = 1.42 (1.02-1.98).
Effect modification: No significant interaction between food intake and age, sex, body mass index, or smoking was found (data not shown). | Age, sex, BMI, energy intake, smoking, family history of diabetes, and geographic area. |
| 3) Halton TL (2006) | The Nurses' Health Study | 84,555 women - 98% of whom were white - aged 34-59.
(USA) | 20
(1980-2000) | 4,496 | Type 2 diabetes incidence [defined by at least one of the following criteria: 1) ≥ 1 classic symptoms (excessive thirst, polyuria, hunger, or weight loss) plus a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) or a random plasma glucose concentration of ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L); 2) ≥ 2 elevated plasma glucose concentrations on different occasions [fasting: ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), random ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)] or random ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after ≥ 2 h oral-glucose- tolerance testing, in the absence of symptoms; or 3) treatment with hypoglycemic medications (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents)] | Potato (mashed or baked) |
RR = 1.14 (1.02-1.26; P = 0.009) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0.07: RR = 1.
0.14: RR = 1.05 (0.95-1.16).
0.29: RR = 1.07 (0.97-1.18).
0.43: RR = 1.13 (1.02-1.25).
0.63: RR = 1.14 (1.02-1.26).
Additional adjustment for consumption of nuts, coffee, alcohol, fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and soft drinks did not appreciably change the results (data not shown).
Additional adjustment for red meat slightly attenuated the association: RR = 1.12 (1.01-1.25; P = 0.02).
Stratified by BMI:
< 30
(1,958 cases) | ≥ 30
(2,538 cases) |
RR = 0.95 (0.82-1.11; P = 0.58) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0.07: RR = 1.
0.14: RR = 0.97 (0.84-1.13).
0.29: RR = 1.01 (0.88-1.17).
0.43: RR = 0.98 (0.85-1.14).
0.63: RR = 0.95 (0.82-1.11).
|
RR = 1.22 (1.06-1.41; P = 0.007) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0.07: RR = 1.
0.14: RR = 1.12 (0.98-1.28).
0.29: RR = 1.12 (0.98-1.27).
0.43: RR = 1.20 (1.05-1.38).
0.63: RR = 1.22 (1.06-1.41).
|
No significant interaction was observed between the consumption of potatoes or french fries and physical activity or family history of type 2 diabetes.
One serving = 237 mL (1 cup).Age, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, moderate to vigorous physical activity, total calories, cereal fiber, trans fat, and polyunsaturated:saturated fat. |
| 3) Halton TL (2006) | The Nurses' Health Study | 84,555 women - 98% of whom were white - aged 34-59.
(USA) | 20
(1980-2000) | 4,488 | Type 2 diabetes incidence [defined by at least one of the following criteria: 1) ≥ 1 classic symptoms (excessive thirst, polyuria, hunger, or weight loss) plus a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) or a random plasma glucose concentration of ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L); 2) ≥ 2 elevated plasma glucose concentrations on different occasions [fasting: ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), random ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)] or random ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after ≥ 2 h oral-glucose- tolerance testing, in the absence of symptoms; or 3) treatment with hypoglycemic medications (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents)] | French fries |
RR = 1.21 (1.09-1.33; P = < 0.0001) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0: RR = 1.
0.02: RR = 1.01 (0.90-1.12).
0.05: RR = 1.14 (1.03-1.25).
0.07: RR = 1.12 (1.02-1.22).
0.14: RR = 1.21 (1.09-1.33).
Additional adjustment for consumption of nuts, coffee, alcohol, fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and soft drinks did not appreciably change the results (data not shown).
Additional adjustment for red meat slightly attenuated the association: RR = 1.19 (1.07-1.31; P = 0.0004).
Stratified by BMI:
< 30
(1,950 cases) | ≥ 30
(2,540 cases) |
RR = 1.34 (1.15-1.55; P = 0.0003) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0: RR = 1.
0.02: RR = 1.14 (0.97-1.33).
0.05: RR = 1.17 (1.01-1.35).
0.07: RR = 1.14 (1.0-1.30).
0.14: RR = 1.34 (1.15-1.55).
|
RR = 1.19 (1.04-1.36; P = 0.003) for the highest vs lowest quintile of consumption.
Amount specific data (servings/d):
0: RR = 1.
0.02: RR = 0.94 (0.80-1.09).
0.05: RR = 1.16 (1.02-1.33).
0.07: RR = 1.15 (1.01-1.29).
0.14: RR = 1.19 (1.04-1.36).
|
No significant interaction was observed between the consumption of potatoes or french fries and physical activity or family history of type 2 diabetes.
One serving = 113 g (4 oz).Age, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, postmenopausal hormone use, moderate to vigorous physical activity, total calories, cereal fiber, trans fat, and polyunsaturated:saturated fat. |
| 3) Salméron J (1997) | The Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 42,759 men aged 40-75 (95% of whom were white). | 6
(1986-1992) | 523? | NIDDM incidence (according to criteria proposed by the National Diabetes, Data Group and the WHO) | French fried potatoes | A significant positive association (no data shown). | Age, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity and family history of diabetes. |
| 3) Salméron J (1997) | The Nurses' Health Study | 65,173 women aged 40-65. | 6
(1986-1992) | 915? | NIDDM incidence (report of one of the following: 1) at least one classical symptom (weight loss, hunger, thirst, polyuria, or pruritis) plus a plasma fasting glucose concentration ≥ 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), or a random plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or 2) at least two elevated plasma glucose concentrations on different occasions and/or ≥ 11.1 mmol/L in the absence of symptoms) | French fried potatoes | A significant positive association (no data shown). | Age, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. |
| 3) Salméron J (1997) | The Nurses' Health Study | 65,173 women aged 40-65. | 6
(1986-1992) | 915? | NIDDM incidence (report of one of the following: 1) at least one classical symptom (weight loss, hunger, thirst, polyuria, or pruritis) plus a plasma fasting glucose concentration ≥ 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), or a random plasma glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or 2) at least two elevated plasma glucose concentrations on different occasions and/or ≥ 11.1 mmol/L in the absence of symptoms) | Cooked potatoes | A significant positive association (no data shown). | Age, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. |
| 3) Colditz GA (1992) | The Nurses' Health Study | 84,360 women aged 34-59.
(USA) | 6
(1980-86) | 702? | NIDDM incidence (report of one of the following: 1) at least one classical symptom (weight loss, hunger, thirst, polyuria, or pruritis) plus a plasma fasting glucose concentration ≥ 7.77 mmol/L or a random plasma glucose ≥ 11.10 mmol/L, or 2) at least two elevated plasma glucose concentrations ≥ 11.10 mmol/L in the absence of symptoms.) | French fries | Among women with a BMI < 29 [n = 252? cases]:
A significant positive association (no data shown). | BMI, alcohol intake, energy intake, and prior weight change. |
| 3) Colditz GA (1992) | The Nurses' Health Study | 84,360 women aged 34-59.
(USA) | 6
(1980-86) | 702? | NIDDM incidence (report of one of the following: 1) at least one classical symptom (weight loss, hunger, thirst, polyuria, or pruritis) plus a plasma fasting glucose concentration ≥ 7.77 mmol/L or a random plasma glucose ≥ 11.10 mmol/L, or 2) at least two elevated plasma glucose concentrations ≥ 11.10 mmol/L in the absence of symptoms.) | Potato chips | Among women with a BMI < 29 [n = 252? cases]:
A significant positive association (no data shown). | BMI, alcohol intake, energy intake, and prior weight change. |
| 1) Lundgren H (1989) | No cohort name. | 1,361 women aged 38-60 from Gothenburg, Sweden.
(Nested case-control) | 12
(1968-69 to 1980-81) | 40? | Diabetes mellitus incidence (diagnosed by a doctor, or if they had two fasting venous or capillary whole blood glucose values ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.) | Potatoes | No significant difference in consumption was found between cases (142 g/d) and controls (144 g/d). | Unadjusted. |
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