Background: Primary variables of interest were total fruits consumption or total vegetables consumption. Data from one article was available in which
effects were only shown of the relation with combined total fruits & vegetables consumption.
A significant protective effect was found among women, but no association was found among men.
| Author | Cohort name | Subjects | Years of follow-up | Cases | End point | Consumption of | Relative Risk (RR) | Adjustments | ||||||
| 5) Ford ES (2001) | The NHEFS Cohort | 9,665 white or African/American subjects (3,874 men and 5,791 women) aged 25-74. (USA) | 20 (1971-75 to 1992-93) | 1,018 (416 men, and 602 women) | Diabetes mellitus incidence (defined as: a) been told by a doctor to have diabetes, b) a hospitalization listing of (ICD-9-CM) code 250, or c) the death certificate included the ICD-9 code 250) | Total fruits and vegetables (not defined) |
Age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, use of antihypertensive medication, recreational exercise, nonrecreational activity, alcohol use, body mass index, and education. |
Adding vitamin and mineral use, percentage calories from fat, and total energy intake to the model did not change the hazard ratio. |